Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction arising from rare-earth orbital magnetism in insulating magnetic oxides

Caretta, Lucas; Rosenberg, Ethan; Büttner, Felix; Fakhrul, Takian; Gargiani, Pierluigi; Valvidares, Manuel; Chen, Zhen; Reddy, Pranhitha; Muller, David A.; Ross, Caroline A.; Beach, Geoffrey S. D.

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-14924-7

Cited by 103 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(63 reference statements)

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“…Another important aspect, where in the last 2 years tremendous progress has been made, is the investigation of interfacial DMI and the generation of topological magnetic textures in heterostructures based on MOIs. [155,[239][240][241][242][243] These results promise future progress to be quite similar as in metallic multilayer systems. [56,57,60,[244][245][246][247][248] In this regard, also the development of theoretical concepts explaining the sometimes contradicting experimental results is desirable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

All‐Electrical Magnon Transport Experiments in Magnetically Ordered Insulators

Althammer

2021

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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Angular momentum transport is one of the cornerstones of spintronics. Spin angular momentum is not only transported by mobile charge carriers but also by the quantized excitations of the magnetic lattice in magnetically ordered systems. In this regard, magnetically ordered insulators (MOIs) provide a platform for magnon spin transport experiments without additional contributions from spin currents carried by mobile electrons. In combination with charge‐to‐spin current conversion processes in conductors with finite spin–orbit coupling, it is possible to realize all‐electrical magnon transport schemes in thin‐film heterostructures. Herein, an insight into such experiments and recent breakthroughs achieved is provided. Special attention is given to charge‐current‐based manipulation via an adjacent normal metal of magnon transport in MOIs in terms of spin‐transfer torque. Moreover, the influence of two magnon modes with opposite spin in antiferromagnetic insulators on all‐electrical magnon transport experiments is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

All‐Electrical Magnon Transport Experiments in Magnetically Ordered Insulators

Althammer

2021

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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“…With the advent of vapor‐phase growth methods for preparing thin epitaxial oxide films, including pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and sputtering, thin films of rare earth (RE) iron garnet materials (REIG, formula unit RE 3 Fe 5 O 12 ) have been developed with desirable properties for spintronic applications, including thulium (TmIG), terbium, europium, samarium and other REIG films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). Spin‐orbit torque switching, [ 1,2 ] chiral spin textures, [ 3–5 ] and a relativistic domain wall velocity approaching the magnon group velocity have been reported in Pt/TmIG and Pt/Bi:YIG heterostructures, making these materials promising candidates for memory or logic devices. [ 4–7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spin‐orbit torque switching, [ 1,2 ] chiral spin textures, [ 3–5 ] and a relativistic domain wall velocity approaching the magnon group velocity have been reported in Pt/TmIG and Pt/Bi:YIG heterostructures, making these materials promising candidates for memory or logic devices. [ 4–7 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Properties and Growth‐Induced Anisotropy in Yttrium Thulium Iron Garnet Thin Films

Rosenberg

Litzius

Shaw

et al. 2021

Adv Elect Materials

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Rare‐earth iron garnets (REIG) have recently become the materials platform of choice for spintronic studies on ferrimagnetic insulators. However, thus far the materials studied have mainly been REIG with a single rare earth species such as thulium, yttrium, or terbium iron garnets. In this study, magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonance, and magneto‐optical Kerr effect imaging is used to explore the continuous variation of magnetic properties as a function of composition for YxTm3−x iron garnet (YxTm3−xIG) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on gadolinium gallium garnet substrates. It is reported that the tunability of the magnetic anisotropy energy, with full control achieved over the type of anisotropy (from perpendicular, to isotropic, to an in‐plane easy axis) on the same substrate. In addition, a nonmonotonic composition‐dependent anisotropy term is reported, which is ascribed to growth‐induced anisotropy similar to what is reported in garnet thin films grown by liquid‐phase epitaxy. Ferromagnetic resonance shows linear variation of the damping and the g‐factor across the composition range, consistent with prior theoretical work. Domain imaging reveals differences in reversal modes, remanant states, and domain sizes in YxTm3−x iron‐garnet thin films as a function of anisotropy.

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“…TmIG shows perpendicular magnetization anisotropy (PMA) in a large range of thicknesses from 1.7 nm to at least 15 nm, and, in PMA GGG / TmIG / Pt heterostructures, the robust anomalous Hall effect (AHE) makes it a good candidate to explore the role of SOT at the FMI / HM interface. In addition, it was reported that the DMI in TmIG is of interfacial origin (iDMI) [21,[23][24][25][26], with some reporting that the iDMI originates from the TmIG / HM (e.g Pt) interface [23,24], while others claim that the interface between TmIG and the substrate is responsible for the iDMI [21,25,26], so that the origin of the iDMI is currently being debated. It is thus important to understand the origin of the SOT and the DMI in a substrate / FMI / HM structure, where the SOT and DMI could originate from two different interfaces, as this potentially enables also independent optimization of the DMI and SOT in magnetic insulators.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identifying the origin of the nonmonotonic thickness dependence of spin-orbit torque and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure

et al. 2020

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Electrical manipulation of magnetism via spin-orbit torques (SOTs) promises efficient spintronic devices. In systems comprising magnetic insulators and heavy metals, SOTs have started to be investigated only recently, especially in systems with interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (iDMI). Here, we quantitatively study the SOT efficiency and iDMI in a series of gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) / thulium iron garnet (TmIG) / platinum (Pt) heterostructures with varying TmIG and Pt thicknesses. We find that the non-monotonic SOT efficiency as a function of the magnetic layer thickness is not consistent with the 1/thickness dependence expected from a simple interfacial SOT mechanism. Moreover, considering the insulating nature of TmIG, our results cannot be explained by the SOT mechanism established for metallic magnets where the transverse charge spin current can 2 inject and dephase in the magnetic layers. Rather we can explain this non-monotonic behavior by a model based on the interfacial spin mixing conductance that is affected by the thickness-dependent exchange splitting energy by determining the phase difference of the reflected spin-up and spin-down electrons at the TmIG / Pt interface. By studying the Pt thickness dependence, we find that the effective DMI for GGG / TmIG / Pt does not depend on the Pt thickness, which indicates that the GGG / TmIG interface is the source of the iDMI in this system. Our work demonstrates that SOT and DMI can originate from two different interfaces, which enables independent optimization of DMI and SOT for advanced chiral spintronics with low damping magnetic insulators.

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Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction arising from rare-earth orbital magnetism in insulating magnetic oxides

Cited by 103 publications

References 44 publications

All‐Electrical Magnon Transport Experiments in Magnetically Ordered Insulators

All‐Electrical Magnon Transport Experiments in Magnetically Ordered Insulators

Magnetic Properties and Growth‐Induced Anisotropy in Yttrium Thulium Iron Garnet Thin Films

Identifying the origin of the nonmonotonic thickness dependence of spin-orbit torque and interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in a ferrimagnetic insulator heterostructure

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