Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cell Using a Reduced-Graphene Scaffold

Tavakoli, Mohammad Mahdi; Tavakoli, Rouhollah; Hasanzadeh, Soheil; Mirfasih, Mohammad Hassan

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b05667

Cited by 88 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Alternatively, reduced or chemically functionalized GO possesses a work function between −4.3 and −4.4 eV, which leads to well‐matched energy levels between the organic active layer and the anode. A schematic illustrating the energy level alignments of 2D–organic hybrid OPV structures with various GO derivatives is shown in Figure a . Silva and coworkers reported that a mixture of solution‐processed reduced GO and ZnO or TiO x is promising as an electron transport layer in PTB7/PCBM bulk heterojunction OPVs .…”

Section: Electronic and Optoelectronic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2D–Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

et al. 2019

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The unique properties of hybrid heterostructures have motivated the integration of two or more different types of nanomaterials into a single optoelectronic device structure. Despite the promising features of organic semiconductors, such as their acceptable optoelectronic properties, availability of low-cost processes for their fabrication, and flexibility, further optimization of both material properties and device performances remains to be achieved. With the emergence of atomically thin 2D materials, they have been integrated with conventional organic semiconductors to form multidimensional heterostructures that overcome the present limitations and provide further opportunities in the field of optoelectronics. Herein, a comprehensive review of emerging 2D-organic heterostructures-from their synthesis and fabrication to their state-of-the-art optoelectronic applications-is presented. Future challenges and opportunities associated with these heterostructures are highlighted.solution-processed on any substrate inexpensively and at relatively low temperatures, which is highly advantageous for their scale-up from fundamental studies to industrial-level production. [6][7][8][9][10] Initial examples of developed organic semiconductors include field-effect transistors (FETs), [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15] photodetectors (PDs), [5,16,17] photovoltaics (PVs), [5,16,18,19] light-emitting diodes (LEDs), [5,16,20] and so on. In spite of the demonstration of promising prototypes of organic semiconductors, their development and optimization for highperformance device applications remain a challenge. In particular, it is becoming increasingly difficult to impart suitable properties to individual materials and realize appropriate physical dimensions in order to satisfy increasing demands of multifunctionality for fundamental studies, device designs, and performance optimization. [21,22] Consequently, such challenges and opportunities can be addressed by performing multidimensional integration or hybridization of organic semiconductors with various types of materials having potentially novel functionalities and unique properties.2D van der Waals (vdW) materials are the most obvious candidate for such hybridization with organic semiconductors. [22,23] Since the discovery of graphene, which opened up new avenues ranging from fundamental studies to real-world applications, [24][25][26][27] several other groups of 2D vdW materials have also been discovered, such as hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), [28,29] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), [23,[30][31][32][33][34] black phosphorus (BP), [35][36][37][38][39][40] borophene, [41][42][43] silicene, [43] and germanene. [43] The 2D structure has been demonstrated to possess several exceptional electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties vis-à-vis its corresponding bulk counterpart. [22,25,27] Most importantly, from the viewpoint of hybridization with organic semiconductors, the atomically flat and dangling-bond-free surface of 2D vdW materials not only provides an ideal int...

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Section: Electronic and Optoelectronic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composite was synthesized via the noncovalent functionalization method. The dispersity of the composite was significantly improved, and consequently, it could easily be applied as an electron transport layer for enhancing the performance of P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction OPVs …”

Section: Electronic and Optoelectronic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D–Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

et al. 2019

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“…Energy level of each layer in PSCs . A, Energy loss exists when LUMO level of perovskite is much larger than that of ETL.…”

Section: Carbon Materials In Single‐junction Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells: From single‐junction to modules

Huang

Chee

et al. 2019

Carbon Energy

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted more and more attention in the scientific community due to their high performance and simple fabrication process.In the past few years, emerging technologies have made manufacturing large-scale PSC modules possible. However, stability and fabrication issues still limit the modularization and commercialization of PSCs. Carbon materials have been widely used in PSCs to overcome these challenges due to their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. In addition, the hydrophobic properties of certain carbon materials are highly effective at protecting the perovskite film from moisture and improving the stability of PSCs. All these superior properties have made carbon one of the most promising materials to fabricate future highperformance PSC modules with long service lifetimes. In this review, recent developments of carbon-based materials in different layers of single-junction PSCs will first be discussed, with an emphasis on functionalities related to PSCs' stability and modularization. Then, current improvements and future discussions in the manufacturing of monolithic PSC modules will be reviewed in detail.

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“…Graphene, a single layer of sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted extensive attention for its unique nanostructure and unusual properties, such as excellent electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, excellent pliability, and high chemical stability. These properties enable graphene to become a promising material for applications of batteries, supercapacitors, field‐effect transistors, fuel cells, solar cells, sensors, and molecular sieving membranes . Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs), two members of the graphene family, possessing the advantage of graphene, are playing important roles in development and application of nanotechnology, such as bioimagings, fluorescent sensors, batteries, photocatalysts, light‐emitting diodes, photovoltaic devices, and drug delivery .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Graphene, a single layer of sp 2 -hybridized carbon atoms, has attracted extensive attention for its unique nanostructure and unusual properties, such as excellent electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, high specific surface area, excellent pliability, and high chemical stability. These properties enable graphene to become a promising material for applications of batteries, [1] supercapacitors, [2] field-effect transistors, [3] fuel cells, [4] solar cells, [5] sensors, [6] and molecular sieving membranes. [7] Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) attract great attention for their unique properties and promising application potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Exfoliated From Carbon Fibers by Microwave Irradiation: Two Photoluminescence Centers and Self‐Assembly Behavior

Yuan

Zhao

et al. 2018

Small

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Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) attract great attention for their unique properties and promising application potential. The difficulty in the formation of a confined structure, and the numerous and diverse oxygen-containing functional groups results in a low emission yield to GOQDs. Here, GOQDs with a size of about 5 nm, exfoliated from carbon fibers by microwave irradiation, are detected and analyzed. The exfoliated GOQDs are deeply oxidized and induce large numbers of epoxy groups and ether bonds, but only a small amount of carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups. The subdomains of sp clusters, involving epoxy groups and ether bonds, are responsible for the two strong photoluminescence emissions of GOQDs under different excitation wavelengths. Moreover, GOQDs tend to self-assemble at the edges of their planes to form self-assembly films (SAFs) with the evaporation of water. SAFs can further assemble into different 3D patterns with unique microstructures such as sponge bulk, sponge ball, microsheet, sisal, and schistose coral, which are what applications such as supercapacitors, cells, catalysts, and electrochemical sensors need. This method for preparation of GOQDs is easy, quick, and environmentally friendly, and this work may open up new research interests about GOQDs.

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Interface Engineering of Perovskite Solar Cell Using a Reduced-Graphene Scaffold

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

2D–Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

2D–Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications

Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells: From single‐junction to modules

Graphene Oxide Quantum Dots Exfoliated From Carbon Fibers by Microwave Irradiation: Two Photoluminescence Centers and Self‐Assembly Behavior

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