Carbon‐based perovskite solar cells: From single‐junction to modules

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted more and more attention in the scientific community due to their high performance and simple fabrication process.In the past few years, emerging technologies have made manufacturing large-scale PSC modules possible. However, stability and fabrication issues still limit the modularization and commercialization of PSCs. Carbon materials have been widely used in PSCs to overcome these challenges due to their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. In addition, the hydrophobic properties of certain carbon materials are highly effective at protecting the perovskite film from moisture and improving the stability of PSCs. All these superior properties have made carbon one of the most promising materials to fabricate future highperformance PSC modules with long service lifetimes. In this review, recent developments of carbon-based materials in different layers of single-junction PSCs will first be discussed, with an emphasis on functionalities related to PSCs' stability and modularization. Then, current improvements and future discussions in the manufacturing of monolithic PSC modules will be reviewed in detail.

A Review on Scaling Up Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Carbon material is proved to be a suitable alternatives due to its low cost, stability, inertness to ion migration, hydrophobic property, and suitable work function (5.0 eV). [ 39,181–183 ] Carbon‐based PSCs (C‐PSCs) become one of the most promising types of PSCs for commercialization. Among the C‐PSCs, the triple mesoscopic structure based on carbon electrode is the most attractive.…”

Carbon and carbon composites for thermoelectric applications

“…Carbon is found in the form of a variety of allotropes with unique properties and applications 25,26 . Figure 1 illustrates the nanostructure of carbon allotropes and their derivative relationship.…”

“…Carbon is found in the form of a variety of allotropes with unique properties and applications. 25,26 Figure 1 illustrates the nanostructure of carbon allotropes and their derivative relationship. It indicates that graphene is the basic building unit for graphitic materials of all other dimensionalities (Figure 1).…”

Recent Developments in Organic Tandem Solar Cells toward High Efficiency

“…The marvelous nature, diverse characteristics, and flexible features (both physical and chemical) made carbon extraordinarily valuable. [ 65–67 ] In addition, the ecofriendly, simple, and low‐cost processing of carbon‐based material is a plus. [ 68 ] Chang et al presented a thermally cross‐linkable acid‐based fullerene derivative C‐PCBN 3 , n‐doped with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI), serving as ETL ahead of PEDOT:PSS as HTL.…”