Interest Groups and the Election

Member Influence and Involvement in Civil Society Organizations: A Resource Dependency Perspective on Groups and Parties

“… 12. While covering countries for whom such elite-level data have not been compiled (neither for groups nor for parties), targeting organizational elites specifically is in line with state-of-the-art group research recognizing these actors (as compared to individual members or experts) as most knowledgeable about the range of intra-organizational aspects covered (Beyers et al, 2016; Halpin and Fraussen, 2015). Note that as the organization was the ‘unit of analysis’, where several email contacts were available for one organization, those were used successively until a survey for the respective organization was returned. …”

“… 13. The survey was composed to the extent possible of questions drawn from various surveys such as by Beyers et al (2016), INTERARENA (http://interarena.dk/Default.asp?l=eng) and Halpin and Fraussen (2015) (partially adapted to make the questions applicable to the different organizations covered). …”

“… 16. Importantly, both survey questions used to construct our two dependent variables are adapted from previous surveys (Beyers et al, 2016 and Halpin and Fraussen, 2015) and have been used in previous research (see, for instance, De Bruycker et al, 2018). …”