Interbirth spacing and offspring mental health outcomes

Riordan, Daniel Vincent; Morris, Carole; Hattie, Joanne; Stark, Cameron

doi:10.1017/s0033291712000888

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Data on the effects of sibship and birth order patterns on SSD were available from one population cohort [ 109 ] and four case-control cohorts [ 49 – 51 , 85 ]. One of the case-control cohorts also provided data regarding AP [ 50 ]; for neither disorder was there evidence of an effect of twin birth on risk, whereas in another case-control cohort a decreased risk of SSD in twins was found [ 49 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the case-control cohorts also provided data regarding AP [ 50 ]; for neither disorder was there evidence of an effect of twin birth on risk, whereas in another case-control cohort a decreased risk of SSD in twins was found [ 49 ]. Being first born [ 51 , 85 ], having greater than three siblings [ 85 ], and a short interval between births [ 109 ] were each associated with small- or medium-sized increases in risk for SSD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Common or distinct pathways to psychosis? A systematic review of evidence from prospective studies for developmental risk factors and antecedents of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective psychoses

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIdentifying the unique and shared premorbid indicators of risk for the schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) and affective psychoses (AP) may refine aetiological hypotheses and inform the delivery of universal versus targeted preventive interventions. This systematic review synthesises the available evidence concerning developmental risk factors and antecedents of SSD and AP to identify those with the most robust support, and to highlight remaining evidence gaps.MethodsA systematic search of prospective birth, population, high-risk, and case-control cohorts was conducted in Medline and supplemented by hand searching, incorporating published studies in English with full text available. Inclusion/exclusion decisions and data extraction were completed in duplicate. Exposures included three categories of risk factors and four categories of antecedents, with case and comparison groups defined by adult psychiatric diagnosis. Effect sizes and prevalence rates were extracted, where available, and the strength of evidence synthesised and evaluated qualitatively across the study designs.ResultsOf 1775 studies identified by the search, 127 provided data to the review. Individuals who develop SSD experience a diversity of subtle premorbid developmental deficits and risk exposures, spanning the prenatal period through early adolescence. Those of greatest magnitude (or observed most consistently) included obstetric complications, maternal illness during pregnancy (especially infections), other maternal physical factors, negative family emotional environment, psychopathology and psychotic symptoms, and cognitive and motor dysfunctions. Relatively less evidence has accumulated to implicate this diversity of exposures in AP, and many yet remain unexamined, with the most consistent or strongest evidence to date being for obstetric complications, psychopathology, cognitive indicators and motor dysfunction. Among the few investigations affording direct comparison between SSD and AP, larger effect sizes and a greater number of significant associations are commonly reported for SSD relative to AP.ConclusionsShared risk factors for SSD and AP may include obstetric complications, childhood psychopathology, cognitive markers and motor dysfunction, but the capacity to distinguish common versus distinct risk factors/antecedents for SSD and AP is limited by the scant availability of prospective data for AP, and inconsistency in replication. Further studies considering both diagnoses concurrently are needed. Nonetheless, the prevalence of the risk factors/antecedents observed in cases and controls helps demarcate potential targets for preventative interventions for these disorders.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0562-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common or distinct pathways to psychosis? A systematic review of evidence from prospective studies for developmental risk factors and antecedents of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective psychoses

et al. 2015

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“…A study using historical data from Qing China from 1749–1909 indicated that a short preceding birth interval of less than two years was associated with substantially higher mortality at ages 55–74, and this pattern persists even when comparing siblings within the same family (Campbell and Lee 2009 ). Some preliminary evidence also suggests that short birth intervals may be associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia (Gunawardana et al 2011 ; Smits et al 2004 ), autism (Gunnes et al 2013 ), and self-harm (Riordan et al 2012 ), but few other studies have pursued this topic.…”

Section: Empirical Research On Birth Intervals and Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth Intervals and Health in Adulthood: A Comparison of Siblings Using Swedish Register Data

Barclay

Kolk

2018

Demography

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A growing body of research has examined whether birth intervals influence perinatal outcomes and child health as well as long-term educational and socioeconomic outcomes. To date, however, very little research has examined whether birth spacing influences long-term health. We use contemporary Swedish population register data to examine the relationship between birth-to-birth intervals and a variety of health outcomes in adulthood: for men, height, physical fitness, and the probability of falling into different body mass index categories; and for men and women, mortality. In models that do not adjust carefully for family background, we find that short and long birth intervals are clearly associated with height, physical fitness, being overweight or obese, and mortality. However, after carefully adjusting for family background using a within-family sibling comparison design, we find that birth spacing is generally not associated with long-term health, although we find that men born after very long birth intervals have a higher probability of being overweight or obese in early adulthood. Overall, we conclude that birth intervals have little independent effect on long-term health outcomes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13524-018-0673-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…11 The physical stress, including maternal nutritional depletion and cardiovascular stress, as well as psychosocial stress associated with having closely spaced children may also have long-term adverse maternal effects. 22–24 An additional pathway may be an increase in maternal obesity among women with short IBIs, which is associated with CVD. A US cohort study found increased risk of maternal obesity among women with short IBIs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpregnancy and interbirth intervals and all-cause, cardiovascular-related and cancer-related maternal mortality: findings from a large population-based cohort study

Weisband

Manor

Friedlander

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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IntroductionScarce research is available regarding the association between interbirth intervals (IBI) and long-term maternal health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We aimed to assess whether IBIs were associated with all-cause, CVD-related and cancer-related mortality.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study in the setting of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Women with at least two consecutive singleton live births in 1964–1976 (N=18 294) were followed through 2016. IBIs were calculated as the interval between women’s first and second cohort birth. We estimated associations between IBIs and mortality using Cox’s proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, parity, maternal education, maternal origin and paternal socioeconomic status. Date of last menstrual period was available for a subset of women. We assessed the interpregnancy interval (IPI) for these women and compared the models using IPI and IBI.ResultsDuring 868 079 years of follow up (median follow-up: 49.0 years), 3337 women died. Women with IBIs <15 months had higher all-cause mortality rates (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.33) compared to women with 33-month to 68-month IBIs (reference category). IBI and CVD mortality appeared to have a J-shaped association; IBIs of <15, 15–20, 21–2626–2632, 33–68 and ≥69 months had HRs of 1.44, 1.40, 1.33, 1.14, 1.00 and 1.30, respectively. No substantial association was found with cancer mortality. Models using IPIs and those using IBI were similar.ConclusionOur results support the WHO recommendations for IPIs of ≥24 months and add additional evidence regarding long-term CVD mortality.

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Interbirth spacing and offspring mental health outcomes

Abstract: The data do not provide evidence for the foetal origins of mental disorders but, in the cases of psychotic disorders, and of self-harm, suggest that the early postnatal rather than the antenatal environment may be of greater importance.

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Common or distinct pathways to psychosis? A systematic review of evidence from prospective studies for developmental risk factors and antecedents of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective psychoses

Common or distinct pathways to psychosis? A systematic review of evidence from prospective studies for developmental risk factors and antecedents of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders and affective psychoses

Birth Intervals and Health in Adulthood: A Comparison of Siblings Using Swedish Register Data

Interpregnancy and interbirth intervals and all-cause, cardiovascular-related and cancer-related maternal mortality: findings from a large population-based cohort study

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