Interactive Equilibrium of Electricity-Gas Energy Distribution System and Integrated Load Aggregators Considering Energy Pricings: A Master-Slave Approach
Abstract:Integration of electricity and gas distribution networks improves energy utilization and alleviates environmental pollution. In order to obtain a reasonable energy prices and optimize the day-ahead scheduling scheme under the premise of considering the interests of both supply and demand, an interactive equilibrium model considering electricity-gas energy distribution system and integrated load aggregators is established in this paper. In the upper level, the integrated energy distribution network (IEDN) maxim… Show more
“…To minimize the power purchase cost of users, the bilateral contract transaction mode between suppliers and large users based on the theory of a master-slave game was studied in [13]. An optimal energy allocation method to reduce energy cost driven by the price mechanism was proposed using the interactive game model of multiple comprehensive load aggregators in [14].…”
A regional integrated energy system (RIES) is an electricity-centric multi-energy system that can realize the mutual conversion of electricity, heat, cold, and other energy. Through multi-flexible resource interaction and the transaction of multi-investment entities, the efficiency of energy utilization can be improved. To systematize energy-consuming entities and scale photovoltaic-based renewable energy in a distribution network, the energy-consuming behavior, energy-producing schedule, and trading strategy can be coupled. Considering the interaction between the energy-consuming behavior and the uncertainty of distributed photovoltaic output, an optimal operation method for RIES is proposed on the basis of social network theory and an uncertain evolutionary game method in this paper. From the perspective of the operator, the overall profits of RIES are maximized considering the entity characteristics of both the demand and the supply side. A case study shows that the proposed method can ensure the reasonable distribution of profit among the investment entities. A closer social relationship between energy-consuming entities or a lower transaction risk cost of energy-producing entities can increase the overall energy transaction profit.
“…To minimize the power purchase cost of users, the bilateral contract transaction mode between suppliers and large users based on the theory of a master-slave game was studied in [13]. An optimal energy allocation method to reduce energy cost driven by the price mechanism was proposed using the interactive game model of multiple comprehensive load aggregators in [14].…”
A regional integrated energy system (RIES) is an electricity-centric multi-energy system that can realize the mutual conversion of electricity, heat, cold, and other energy. Through multi-flexible resource interaction and the transaction of multi-investment entities, the efficiency of energy utilization can be improved. To systematize energy-consuming entities and scale photovoltaic-based renewable energy in a distribution network, the energy-consuming behavior, energy-producing schedule, and trading strategy can be coupled. Considering the interaction between the energy-consuming behavior and the uncertainty of distributed photovoltaic output, an optimal operation method for RIES is proposed on the basis of social network theory and an uncertain evolutionary game method in this paper. From the perspective of the operator, the overall profits of RIES are maximized considering the entity characteristics of both the demand and the supply side. A case study shows that the proposed method can ensure the reasonable distribution of profit among the investment entities. A closer social relationship between energy-consuming entities or a lower transaction risk cost of energy-producing entities can increase the overall energy transaction profit.
“…We collect all variables denoting energy-material flows flowing in and out of the ESS in vector V ess , as in ( 10), shown at the bottom of the next page. The coefficient matrix Z e is define in (11), as shown at the bottom of the next page. Energy-material flow model of the ESS is represented as (12), shown at the bottom of the next page, in the compact form.…”
Section: B Energy-materials Coupling Model Of Offshore Oil and Gas Platforms' Ies Considering Hessmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Three cases are generated: • Case 1: No AGS and couplings between the OGPS and the ESS are not considered, i.e. constraints ( 16), ( 17), ( 18)-( 20), ( 22)-( 27), (34) are not included, and the parameters related to AGS are not included in (11).…”
The integrated energy system (IES) of offshore oil and gas platforms is a complex energy intensive system, which is composed of energy supply system (ESS), oil and gas production system (OGPS), diesel oil supply system (DOSS) and oil storage and transportation system (OSTS). Among them, ESS and OGPS are closely coupled and show a trend on stronger coupling due to implementation of new technologies, such as waste heat recovery and associated gas utilization. In order to reduce the operating cost and carbon emissions, an optimal operation model that considers their couplings is proposed. Firstly, based on the standardized matrix modeling method, subsystems inside OGPS and ESS are modeled individually and then combined, through which the model of the whole IES can be built. Then, representing this model as constraints, the optimal operation model of offshore oil and gas platforms' IES is proposed, together with constraints representing operational limitations of subsystems. Particularly, in the proposed model, couplings on heat, associated gas and electrical energy between OGPS and ESS are modeled, and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is considered in modeling ESS, which is able to coordinate associated gas storage (AGS) and electricity storage (ES) in the optimal operation. INDEX TERMS Integrated energy system, offshore oil and gas platforms, standardized matrix model, optimal operation.
“…Xu and Yi (2023) constructed a one master-multiple slaves game model to optimize distributed cooperation among multiple types of loads in the CIES, while Huang et al (2022) proposed a method to optimize a thermal-electric energy system by considering dynamic pricing and the optimization of the operational strategy of a Stackelberg game. One study (Li et al, 2020) introduced a model of game-based interactions between electrically coupled systems and the load aggregator, and Li P. et al (2021) proposed a framework to optimize a Stackelberg game involving the community energy operator and the aggregator of residential customers to achieve a comprehensive demand response for electric and thermal loads in the CIES. Li et al (2022) proposed a hierarchical, partitioned approach to optimize multi-energy supply and demand in integrated energy systems in the framework of a master-slave game.…”
To alleviate the challenges posed by high energy consumption, significant carbon emissions, and conflicting interests among multiple parties in a community-level microgrid, the authors of this study propose a master–slave game-based optimal scheduling strategy for a community-integrated energy system (CIES). First, we analyze the decision variables and revenue-related objectives of each stakeholder in the CIES, and use the results to construct a framework of implementation. Second, we develop a model to incentivize peak regulation and a ladder-type carbon trading model that consider the correlation between the load owing to residential consumers, the load on the regional grid, and the sources of carbon emissions. Third, we propose a master–slave game-based mechanism of interaction and a decision-making model for each party to the game, and show that it has a Stackelberg equilibrium solution by combining genetic algorithms and quadratic programming. The results of evaluations showed that compared with an optimization strategy that considers only the master–slave game, the proposed strategy increased the consumption surplus of the user aggregator by 13.65%, the revenue of the community energy operator by 7.95%, increased the revenue of the energy storage operator, reduced CO2 emissions by 6.10%, and adequately responded to peak-cutting and valley-filling by the power grid company.
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