The integrated energy system (IES) of offshore oil and gas platforms is a complex energy intensive system, which is composed of energy supply system (ESS), oil and gas production system (OGPS), diesel oil supply system (DOSS) and oil storage and transportation system (OSTS). Among them, ESS and OGPS are closely coupled and show a trend on stronger coupling due to implementation of new technologies, such as waste heat recovery and associated gas utilization. In order to reduce the operating cost and carbon emissions, an optimal operation model that considers their couplings is proposed. Firstly, based on the standardized matrix modeling method, subsystems inside OGPS and ESS are modeled individually and then combined, through which the model of the whole IES can be built. Then, representing this model as constraints, the optimal operation model of offshore oil and gas platforms' IES is proposed, together with constraints representing operational limitations of subsystems. Particularly, in the proposed model, couplings on heat, associated gas and electrical energy between OGPS and ESS are modeled, and hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is considered in modeling ESS, which is able to coordinate associated gas storage (AGS) and electricity storage (ES) in the optimal operation. INDEX TERMS Integrated energy system, offshore oil and gas platforms, standardized matrix model, optimal operation.
Hydrogen energy leads us in an important direction in the development of clean energy, and the comprehensive utilization of hydrogen energy is crucial for the low-carbon transformation of the power sector. In this paper, the demand for hydrogen energy in various fields is predicted based on the support vector regression algorithm, which can be converted into an equivalent electrical load when it is all produced from water electrolysis. Then, the investment costs of power generators and hydrogen energy equipment are forecast considering uncertainty. Furthermore, a planning model is established with the forecast data, initial installed capacity and targets for carbon emission reduction as inputs, and the installed capacity as well as share of various power supply and annual carbon emissions as outputs. Taking Gansu Province of China as an example, the changes of power supply structure and carbon emissions under different scenarios are analysed. It can be found that hydrogen production through water electrolysis powered by renewable energy can reduce carbon emissions but will increase the demand for renewable energy generators. Appropriate planning of hydrogen storage can reduce the overall investment cost and promote a low carbon transition of the power system.
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