Interaction of Preservatives with Macromolecules I.

Interaction of Parabens with Nonionic Macromolecules

“…The macromolecules included in the study varied from strongly hydrophilic agents such as polyethylene glycols 4000 and 60001 to those containing hydrophobic moieties such as Tween 802 and Myrj 52.3 The interaction between methyl and propyl parabens and Tween 80, Myrj 52, and polyethylene glycols 4000 and 6000 have previously been reported (8,10,11).…”

“…This inhibitory effect may be due to the reported (8) It was the purpose of this investigation t o study the interactions of a series of p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl) with various nonionic macromolecules in order t o determine the effect of increasing paraben chain length on t h e extent of interaction between the esters and the macromolerules. The macromolecules included in the study varied from strongly hydrophilic agents such as polyethylene glycols 4000 and 60001 to those containing hydrophobic moieties such as Tween 802 and Myrj 52.3 The interaction between methyl and propyl parabens and Tween 80, Myrj 52, and polyethylene glycols 4000 and 6000 have previously been reported (8,10,11).…”

Solubilization of Benzoic Acid Derivatives by Nonionic Surfactants: Location of Solubilizates in Hydrocarbon Core of Micelles and Polyoxyethylene Mantle

“…Qualitative suggestions that solubilization of partially polar solubilizates in polyoxyethylene-type micelles may involve either the polyoxyethylene layer or the micelle core, including its interface, have been made by various investigators, and there has been some controversy in the literature as to the importance of either type of solubilization (1, 2, [10][11][12]. The purpose of this paper is to show how, on the basis of two simplifying assumptions, the relative effectiveness of the two loci of solubilization may be evaluated in an approximate fashion from solubilization data obtained with surfactants of different polyoxyethylene chain lengths attached to the same hydrocarbon chain, and how the distribution of the solubilized molecules between the two loci of solubilization, the core and the mantle, is correlated with the chemical structure of the solu- bilizate.…”

Heterogeneous Systems II: Influence of Partitioning and Molecular Interactions on in vitro BiologicActivity of Preservatives in Emulsions

“…The bound or solubilized (12) preservative in such a system has been shown to be devoid of antimicrobial activity (13,15,17,IS). In emulsified systems an additional factor, partitioning of the preservative between the oil and water phases, must be considered for the effective preservation of the entire formulation.…”