Interaction between HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: HIV-1-induced CD4 T-cell depletion and the development of active tuberculosis

Prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected Nigerian children

“…4,5,23 Severe immunosuppression in TB-HIV co-infection has largely been attributed to CD4+ T-cell depletion. 24,25 Severe immunosuppression in children with HIV mono-infection or HIV-TB co-infection has been associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality with or without ART. [26][27][28][29][30] Also, co-infection with HIV and TB increases the risk of death with or without ART.…”

Synthesis and SAR evaluation of novel thioridazine derivatives active against drug-resistant tuberculosis

“…MeOH, reflux, 12 h; iii. NaBH(AcO) 3 , THF, AcOH, benzaldehyde for 4a, or propionaldehyde for 4b, or acetone for 4c.…”

“…The solution was then allowed to stir at room temperature for 30 minutes. Then, NaBH(AcO) 3 (0.28 mmol, 60 mg, 2 eq.) was added and the reaction was allowed to react for 24h at r.t..…”

“…In addition, 14.8% of global TB patients are co-infected with HIV and can be credited as one of the most common causes of death among AIDS patients. [2,3] This global scenario is due to many causes including the lack of rapid diagnostic tools, the noncompliance of hospitalised patients to the 6-12 months multidrug therapy and institutions lacking the proper drug regimens to treat all the people infected.…”

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of DMT liposome-adjuvanted tuberculosis subunit CTT3H vaccine

“…Because M. tuberculosis is a facultative intracellular bacterium, cell-mediated immunity has been generally accepted as a critical factor to combat TB, particularly CD4 C Th1 responses and Th1-type cytokines such as IFN-g and TNF-a. 7,8 The supporting evidence includes both HIV-infected LTBI persons 9 and LTBI individuals treated with anti-TNF-a mAb 10 which exacerbates pulmonary disease. In addition, the BCG vaccine can also induce a strong CD4 C Th1 response in vaccinated neonates, 11 which could effectively protect children against primary TB as demonstrated by epidemiological data 1 and clinical trials worldwide.…”