Interaction between Biofilm Formation, Surface Material and Cleanability Considering Different Materials Used in Pig Facilities—An Overview

Abstract

Sometimes the contamination in pig facilities can persist even after the washing and disinfection procedure. Some factors could influence this persistence, such as bacteria type, biofilm formation, material type and washing parameters. Therefore, this review summarizes how the type of surface can influence bacteria colonization and how the washing procedure can impact sanitary aspects, considering the different materials used in pig facilities. Studies have shown that biofilm formation on the surface of different materials is a complex system influenced by environmental conditions and the characteristics of each material’s surface and group of bacteria. These parameters, along with the washing parameters, are the main factors having an impact on the removal or persistence of biofilm in pig facilities even after the cleaning and disinfection processes. Some options are available for proper removal of biofilms, such as chemical treatments (i.e., detergent application), the use of hot water (which is indicated for some materials) and a longer washing time.

Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in vitro colonization on plastics influenced by temperature and strain variability

“…There is an underlying knowledge gap regarding Bacterial colonization and biofilm development on surfaces involve multiple processes, one of which is material-type surface characteristics (Flemming, 2016). This means that hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, and chemical composition of a surface like plastic can influence bacterial attachment and development (Nakanishi et al, 2021). There are several major types of plastic, which include polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS).…”

Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Disrupt Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms and Enhance the Antibiofilm Efficacy of Antibiotics

“…Additionally, PEMF may induce an electroporation effect due to the induction of eddy current flow through the biofilm sample, weakening the cell membrane and creating pores in the membrane or biofilm EPS and making the biofilm inefficient at protecting against antibiotics and the immune response. Electrostatic interactions have been shown to play a major role in biofilm attachment and strength across both Gram-positive and Gram-negative biofilm-forming species ( 30 – 33 ). The direct antimicrobial effect of PEMF on S. epidermidis cells, likely due to induction of increased permeabilization and local magnetic hyperthermia ( 23 ), may additionally contribute to their biofilm disruption mechanism.…”

Antibacterial Properties of PMMA Functionalized with CuFe2O4/Cu2O/CuO Nanoparticles

“…The authors of [48] noted hydrophobicity to be a dominant factor in influencing adhesion on surfaces. Bacteria with hydrophilic properties (E. coli, MRSA) prefer to adhere to hydrophilic surfaces.…”