Inter-calibration and Urban Light Index of DMSP-OLS Night-Time Data for Evaluating the Urbanization Process in Australian Capital Territory

Elvidge, Christopher D.; Kalita, Himangshu; Choudhury, Upasana; Rehman, Sufia; Tripathy, Bismay Ranjan; Kumar, Pavan

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-99882-4_10

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, night-time lights can help to delineate urban sprawl and urban morphology (Elvidge et al, 2019). Indeed, we found a significantly negative relationship between VIIRS night-time lights and enhanced vegetation index (Figure S2).…”

Section: Urban Affinity Of Butterfliesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…housing density), remote sensing research has highlighted that night‐time lights can efficiently map urban areas (Pandey et al, 2013) and characterize change in urbanization levels (Stathakis et al, 2015; Zhang & Seto, 2013). Moreover, night‐time lights can help to delineate urban sprawl and urban morphology (Elvidge et al, 2019). Indeed, we found a significantly negative relationship between VIIRS night‐time lights and enhanced vegetation index (Figure S2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal flexibility and a generalist life history promote urban affinity in butterflies

Callaghan

Bowler

Pereira

2021

Global Change Biology

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Urban expansion poses a serious threat to biodiversity. Given that the expected area of urban land cover is predicted to increase by 2–3 million km2 by 2050, urban environments are one of the most widespread human‐dominated land‐uses affecting biodiversity. Responses to urbanization differ greatly among species. Some species are unable to tolerate urban environments (i.e., urban avoiders), others are able to adapt and use areas with moderate levels of urbanization (i.e., urban adapters), and yet others are able to colonize and even thrive in urban environments (i.e., urban exploiters). Quantifying species‐specific responses to urbanization remains an important goal, but our current understanding of urban tolerance is heavily biased toward traditionally well‐studied taxa (e.g., mammals and birds). We integrated a continuous measure of urbanization—night‐time lights—with over 900,000 species' observations from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility to derive a comprehensive analysis of species‐specific (N = 158 species) responses of butterflies to urbanization across Europe. The majority of butterfly species included in our analysis avoided urban areas, regardless of whether species' urban affinities were quantified as a mean score of urban affinity across all occurrences (79%) or as a species' response curve to the whole urbanization gradient (55%). We then used species‐specific responses to urbanization to assess which life history strategies promote urban affinity in butterflies. These trait‐based analyses found strong evidence that the average number of flight months, likely associated with thermal niche breath, and number of adult food types were positively associated with urban affinity, while hostplant specialism was negatively associated with urban affinity. Overall, our results demonstrate that specialist butterflies, both in terms of thermal and diet preferences, are most at risk from increasing urbanization, and should thus be considered in urban planning and prioritized for conservation.

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Section: Urban Affinity Of Butterfliesmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal flexibility and a generalist life history promote urban affinity in butterflies

Callaghan

Bowler

Pereira

2021

Global Change Biology

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“…human population density). Remote sensing research has highlighted that 1) night-time lights provides an efficient way to map urban areas in India (Pandey et al 2013), 2) night-time lights can characterize change in urbanization levels (Zhang and Seto 2013) and 3) night-time lights can delineate both urban sprawl, urban morphology and urban extension (Elvidge et al 2018). Yet, this remote sensing approach is likely currently limited to macro-ecological analyses given that it is best at mapping urbanization at global scales, and that the current resolution (15 arc-seconds) is larger than other remote sensing products.…”

Section: Species-specific Relative Urban Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian trait specialization is negatively associated with urban tolerance

Callaghan

Benedetti

Wilshire

et al. 2020

Oikos

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Generalist species-with their wide niche breadths-are often associated with urban environments, while specialist species are likely to be most at-risk of increasing urbanization processes. But studies which quantify the relationship between trait specialization (i.e. niche breadth) and urban tolerance are generally methodologically limited, with repeatable robust methods to easily quantify this relationship among different regions and time scales often lacking. Our objective was to use novel methods to quantify the relationship between trait specialization and urban tolerance over a broad spatial scale. We used ~ 2 million citizen science observations and spatially intersected these with remotely-sensed VIIRS night-time light values and a novel continuous measure of a species' trait specialization for 256 European bird species. We found a negative relationship between avian urban tolerance and an overall specialization index. Nesting site niche breadth was especially negatively associated with higher urban tolerance scores. Our results highlight that species with a high degree of trait specialization likely have a lower capacity to persist in urban ecosystems, and hence, could be most at-risk in novel urban ecosystems. We suggest that trait specialization can be used as a proxy for the degree of risk posed by urban environments to a given species.

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“…The 5 km buffer was chosen to encompass potential spatial biases in selected sampling locations of the eBird checklists and the results of species-specific responses to urbanization is robust to buffer size (Callaghan et al 2019b). Nighttime light level is highly correlated with the level of urbanization and is commonly used in remote sensing studies (Pandey et al 2013, Zhang and Seto 2013, Ma et al 2015, Stathakis et al 2015, Elvidge et al 2019, thus making it a representative proxy for urbanization levels. Three example cities representing night-time light values and the max, mean, and median night-time light values for those cities are shown in Figure 1b.…”

Section: Checklist-specific Attributesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to build a biodiverse city: environmental determinants of bird diversity within and among 1581 cities

et al. 2020

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Cities are novel environments compared with the evolutionary history of the species that reside within them. Collectively, cities and their fauna can be thought of as ecosystems, recognized as playing a critical role in supporting global biodiversity, but they are fundamentally a combination of old species surviving or thriving in a new environment, and the mechanisms and underlying processes which support biodiversity within cities have not been investigated at broad macroecological scales. We aimed to understand-at a broad macroecological scale-how biodiversity responds both among and within cities. We integrated > 5 million eBird citizen science observations with remotely sensed landcover products throughout 1,581 cities within the continental United States. We first investigated the species-area relationship as it pertains to cities and compared the slope of this relationship to randomly sampled polygons. Second, we investigated how biodiversity responds to an urbanization gradient at the level of localized bird observations. We found strong support for the longstanding species-area relationship theory: geographically larger cities had greater species richness. Surprisingly, the species-area relationship was greater in cities when compared to the overall relationship for randomly sampled polygons in the study region (continental United States), which included many different land use and land cover types. Our finding suggests that diverse and heterogeneous cities play a significant role in supporting biodiversity. We also found that there is a consistent threshold where the level of urbanization begins to profoundly and negatively affect biodiversity. Critically, urban planning at the city-scale and at a local-scale (e.g., neighborhood) should focus on preserving attributes of water and tree-cover for increased biodiversity to keep as much of the city as possible above this threshold value.

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Inter-calibration and Urban Light Index of DMSP-OLS Night-Time Data for Evaluating the Urbanization Process in Australian Capital Territory

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Thermal flexibility and a generalist life history promote urban affinity in butterflies

Thermal flexibility and a generalist life history promote urban affinity in butterflies

Avian trait specialization is negatively associated with urban tolerance

How to build a biodiverse city: environmental determinants of bird diversity within and among 1581 cities

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