Intensity of Resistance Exercise Determines Adipokine and Resting Energy Expenditure Responses in Overweight Elderly Individuals

Abstract

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the time course of leptin, adiponectin, and resting energy expenditure (REE) responses in overweight elderly males after acute resistance exercise protocols of various intensity configurations.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSForty inactive men (65–82 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 10/group): control, low-intensity resistance exercise, moderate-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. Exercise energy cost, REE, leptin, adiponectin, cortisol, insulin, lactate, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and glycerol were determined at baseline, immediately after exercise, and during a 72-h recovery period.RESULTSExercise energy cost was lower in high-intensity than in low-intensity and moderate-intensity groups (221.6 ± 8.8 vs. 295.6 ± 10.7 and 281.6 ± 9.8 kcal, P < 0.001). Lactate, glucose, NEFAs, and glycerol concentrations increased (P < 0.001) after exercise and returned to baseline thereafter in all groups. REE increased (P < 0.001) in all groups at 12 h in an intensity-dependent manner (P < 0.05). REE reached baseline after 48 h in the low- and moderate-intensity groups and after 72 h in the high-intensity group. Cortisol peaked in all active groups after exercise (P < 0.001) and remained elevated (P < 0.001) for 12 h. After adjustment for plasma volume shifts, leptin remained unaltered. Adiponectin concentration increased after 12 h and remained elevated for 24 h only in the high-intensity group (P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSResistance exercise does not alter circulating leptin concentration but does increase REE and adiponectin in an intensity-dependent manner for as long as 48 and 24 h, respectively, in overweight elderly individuals. It appears that resistance exercise may represent an effective approach for weight management and metabolic control in overweight elderly individuals.

The effect of acute exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin in obese men

“…Some investigators have reported increases in HMW-AN after exercise training and dietary interventions in non-diabetic elderly individuals [21]. Others have reported that AN levels increased after high-intensity resistance exercise, but not after low-or moderate-intensity resistance exercise in elderly individuals [22]. The above data may explain the increase in HMW-AN in this study, as the exercise intensity was relatively high for both the aerobic and power exercise.…”

Exercise and Regulation of Adipokine and Myokine Production

“…101 Similar results were reported for acute resistance exercise in overweight elderly men. 102 These data suggest that the intensity of exercise may be an important factor in the regulation of adiponectin concentration in plasma.…”

“…100,[107][108][109] On the other hand, acute resistance exercise at different intensities had no effect on circulating leptin levels in overweight elderly men. 102 Also, preexercise training status of the participants has no effect on leptin levels after a single weight training session. 106 Following chronic intervention of 12 weeks leptin mRNA expression in adipose tissue remained unchanged after endurance training in obese subjects.…”

Making Fat Work

“…The prescribed exercise regimen that may best facilitate weight loss is not fully characterized, but it likely will include resistance training. Resistance exercises appear to increase resting energy expenditure (Fatouros et al 2009), which may overcome the adaptive compensatory decrease observed with weight loss. Given the failure of such a large portion of the population to meet physical activity recommendations, however, any increase in physical activity will likely have beneficial effects on the health of the population.…”