Intended Use of Real Estate as a Time Changeable Attribute for Determining Compensation for Nationalized and Expropriated Lands

Abstract

Constitutional transformation in Poland, which took place at the turn of the eighties and nineties of the past century, was directed, among others, at creating a civil society and a free market. Changes in people's mentality quickly brought about economic changes based on the concept of private ownership. Yet one should remember that in the period preceding this time, personal assets were significantly limited. Many people's assets were repossessed by the state in nationalization or expropriation processes.Present regulations permit getting these assets back. This is possible in cases when the repossessed real estate was misused with the purpose of expropriation, or it became needless. Real estate is also reacquired via invalidation of administrative decisions or provisions of law. Real estate owners and their legal successors can apply to get back real estate. It is possible to get compensation for assets which cannot be taken back in actuality, which should correspond with the actual value of the lost rights. The level of compensation should be determined on the basis of real estate market value. This value is determined for the day the decision to determine compensation is issued, taking into account the state and purpose of the real estate on the day the document approving the repossession of the real estate was prepared.The authors present changes in law provisions connected with spatial planning in Poland from the year 1946, when the first decree connected with this topic entered into force, to this day. They describe documents kept in state archives which should be used by valuers. They also show, on the basis of examples, how important the correct determination of the intended use of real estate is, taking into account documents that have been created over the years.

The Implementation of Spatial Planning Objects in a 3D Cadastral Model

“…The cadastral model used in the study has been defined by legal regulations [16] and enriched by 3D cadastral objects [30]. The study does not cover all aspects at the cadastre and planning interface, so further research seems necessary.…”

“…Spatial planning is implemented at the national, provincial (regional) and municipal (local) levels [29]. The county level, placed between provincial (regional) and municipal (local) levels of Poland's territorial division, is omitted in the spatial planning process [30]. The most important level for spatial planning is the municipal one.…”

3D Technologies as the Future of Spatial Planning: the Example of Krakow

“…It made it possible to identify areas in which high buildings cannot be allowed. Importantly, defining an area as intended for high-rise development may have a significant impact on its value [42]. Analyses within the framework of the program creating the National IT system of the Country's Protection Against Extreme Hazards (ISOK) have led to the identification of floodplains, which should be excluded from the possibility of development in order to protect life and health and the safety of people and property.…”

Comparison of Real Estate Values Determined in Poland and Ukraine in Context of State Border Historical Changes

“…When a comparative approach is used, it is expected that both real estate price volatility over time and similarity of properties due to their characteristics are taken into account [4,9,15]. It is strongly advised to take into account the legal status, land-use planning purposes, manner of using the property, as well as its physical features [6,8]. In the case of properies left outside of Polish borders, the reliability of the documentary evidence is crucial.…”