Intelligent Window Coatings: Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tungsten‐Doped Vanadium Dioxide.

Abstract

0.99 W 0.01 O 2 are prepared on glass substrates from the atmospheric pressure CVD of VCl4, W(OEt)6, and H2O at 500-600°C. The samples are characterized by XRD, XPS, SEM, Raman, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. The films show a reduction in thermochromic transition temperatures from 68°C in VO 2 to 42°C in V 0.99 W 0.01 O 2 . They show many of the properties necessary for commercial applications as intelligent window coatings, such as a transition temperature approaching room temperature and large changes in IR transmittance and reflectance, with minimal changes in visible properties, on passing through the metal-to-semiconductor transition. -(MANNING, T. D.; PARKIN*, I. P.; PEMBLE, M. E.; SHEEL, D.; VERNARDOU, D.; Chem. Mater. 16 (2004) 4, 744-749; Dep. Chem., Univ. Coll., London WC1H 0AJ, UK; Eng.) -W. Pewestorf 18-012

Vanadium: Global (bio)geochemistry

“…Vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) Glass coatings (Manning et al, 2004) Vanadate Electrochemical conversion coating (Guan and Buchheit, 2004) Vanadium redox couple Rechargeable batteries (Joerissen et al, 2004) V 2 O 5 -WO 3 (MoO 3 )/TiO 2 Vehicle exhaust catalyst (Liu et al, 2012;Shafer et al, 2012) Vanadium and V alloys Superconductor (Ponyatovskii et al, 2009) Other applications Colour modifiers in mercury-vapour lamp, photographic developer, drying agent in various paints and varnishes, and reducing agent, production of pesticides, and the black dyes (e.g., mordants), inks, and pigments, (Vanadium Production, 2003). (Moskalyk and Alfantazi, 2003) …”

Variation of Thermochromic Glazing Systems Transition Temperature, Hysteresis Gradient and Width Effect on Energy Efficiency

“…This value of T c is clearly too high for use in building temperature; however, there have been several methods explored in attempts to alter this. It has been previously shown that the transition temperature can be significantly lowered through the introduction of metal ions into the VO 2 lattice [6][7][8]. In fact, the most effective of the metals investigated has found to be tungsten as a 1 at% incorporation results in a 25˝C decrease in the T c .…”

VO2-based double-layered films for smart windows: Optical design, all-solution preparation and improved properties

“…The main preparation methods for VO 2 films are based on gas-phase reactions such as sputtering deposition [3,4], chemical vapor deposition [8,9], pulsed laser deposition [10] and ion implantation [11]. These methods are superior in terms of precise control of process parameters such as oxygen partial pressure (typically in the range of 0.06-0.13 Pa) and film features, including thickness and microstructure [12,13].…”