No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

Simulations using CONTAM (a validated multi-zone indoor air quality (IAQ) model) were employed to predict indoor exposure to PM2.5 in London dwellings in both the present day housing stock and the same stock following energy efficient refurbishments to meet greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets for 2050. To achieve these targets, measures were specified that reduced building permeability to 3m 3 m-2 hr-1 at 50 Pa, combined with the introduction of mechanical ventilation and heat recovery (MVHR) systems. It was assumed that the mean current outdoor PM2.5 concentration of 13μg.m-3 , decreased to 9μg.m-3 by 2050 due to emission control policies. Proper installation of MVHR systems with permeability reduction is associated with appreciable reductions in PM2. 5 exposure in both smoking and non-smoking dwellings. Modelling of the future scenario for nonsmoking dwellings predicts a reduction in annual average indoor exposure to PM2.5 of 24.0μg.m-3 (from 28.4 to 4.4μg.m 3) for a typical household member and a larger reduction of 52.8μg.m-3 (from 60.5 to 7.7μg.m3) for members exposed primarily to cooking-related particle emissions in the kitchen. Reductions in envelope permeability, without mechanical ventilation, produced a small increase (+5.4μg.m-3) in indoor PM2.5 concentrations. These estimates of changes in PM2.5 exposure were sensitive to assumptions about occupant behaviour, ventilation system usage and the distribution of input variables (+72% for non-smoking and +107% in smoking residences) but, if realised would result in significant health benefits.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract