The significance of the anthropogenic heat emissions of London's buildings: A comparison against captured shortwave solar radiation

Hamilton, Ian; Davies, Martin; Steadman, Philip; Stone, Andrew; Ridley, Ian; Evans, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.05.024

Cited by 114 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…the area of hard surface, are shown to correlate well with UHI intensity . Anthropogenic heat emission sources in London have been shown to be a sizable component of the total heat flux, as compared to the incoming solar radiation, with emissions in dense urban areas being the highest (Hamilton et al 2009;Iamarino, Beevers, and Grimmond 2012).…”

Section: London's Uhimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urban land use and, in particular, the location, prevalence and size of green space contributing to evaporation and evapotranspiration throughout the urban fabric also affect the storage parameters of the energy exchange by reducing the amount of incoming solar radiation absorbed by the surface as well as the latent and sensible heat flux. Further, sources of anthropogenic heat emission, for example, vehicles, buildings and industry, add to the heat emission and affect the overall heat balance (Taha 1997;Ichinose, Shimodozono, and Hanaki 1999;Offerle, Grimmond, and Fortuniak 2005;Hamilton et al 2009;Sailor 2010) and have been shown to increase the temperature due to the UHI, i.e. the UHI increment (UHII) by 1-2 • C (Ichinose, Shimodozono, and Hanaki 1999;Bohnenstengel et al 2011).…”

Section: The Uhimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The annual average anthropogenic heat emission across London is approximately 9 W/m 2 , but can be up to 550 W/m 2 during a winter's day in the core of London or 220 W/m 2 during a summer's day (Hamilton et al 2009). …”

Section: Influencing Features Of London's Uhimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These 3D features are then used to estimate the expected roughness features of the site, allowing an estimate of the spatial variation of the surface roughness parameter within the domain to be estimated. The site feature extrusions are also used to develop a 2D volume and height estimate or a NV (as defined in Hamilton et al 2009). The NV is the total building volume normalized by the total footprint area.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The anthropogenic heat emissions are derived using the total annual, domestic, non-domestic, transport and metabolic anthropogenic energy (kWh) data for the development site using the technique set out in Hamilton et al (2009) and Davies et al (2008). This process resolves aggregate energy demands down to a local level.…”

Section: Anthropogenic Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of the London Olympic Parkland on the urban heat island

Hamilton

Stocker

Evans

et al. 2013

Journal of Building Performance Simulation

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The London Olympic Parkland represents a substantial area of redevelopment with the potential to significantly modify urban temperatures. This paper illustrates a neighbourhood-scale model of the type that can be used to analyse the impact of large developments on the urban heat island, using the London Olympic Parkland as an example. Using the Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling System Temperature and Humidity model, the impact of the urban surfaces for the Parkland area (∼16 km 2 ) is modelled at a 400 m 2 grid resolution for the pre-Olympic, Olympic and Legacy periods. Temperature perturbations from upwind values are simulated for the periods to estimate the contribution the Parkland has on local air temperatures. The results illustrate the impact that large impermeable features such as the concourse might have on increased air temperatures during Olympic period design conditions. In comparison, a Legacy scenario shows temperature reductions from the pre-Olympic period due to an increase in vegetation coverage.

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Section: London's Uhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Uhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Influencing Features Of London's Uhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anthropogenic Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of the London Olympic Parkland on the urban heat island

Hamilton

Stocker

Evans

et al. 2013

Journal of Building Performance Simulation

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A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and moisture emissions in the urban environment

Sailor

2011

Intl Journal of Climatology

438

352

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ABSTRACT:Energy consumption in the urban environment impacts the urban surface energy budget and leads to the emission of anthropogenic sensible heat and moisture into the atmosphere. Anthropogenic heat and moisture emissions vary significantly both in time and space, and are not readily measured. As a result, detailed models of these emissions are not commonly available for most cities. Furthermore, most attempts to quantify anthropogenic emissions have focused on the sensible heat component, largely ignoring moisture emissions and invoking assumptions -such as the equivalence of energy consumption and anthropogenic sensible heating -which limit the accuracy of the resulting anthropogenic heating estimates. This paper provides a historical perspective of the development of models of energy consumption in the urban environment and the associated anthropogenic impacts on the urban energy balance. It highlights some fundamental limitations of past approaches and suggests a roadmap forward for including anthropogenic heat and moisture in modelling of the urban environment.

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Global to city scale urban anthropogenic heat flux: model and variability

Allen

Lindberg

Grimmond

2010

Intl Journal of Climatology

258

183

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ABSTRACT:The large scale urban consumption of energy (LUCY) model simulates all components of anthropogenic heat flux (Q F ) from the global to individual city scale at 2.5 × 2.5 arc-minute resolution. This includes a database of different working patterns and public holidays, vehicle use and energy consumption in each country. The databases can be edited to include specific diurnal and seasonal vehicle and energy consumption patterns, local holidays and flows of people within a city. If better information about individual cities is available within this (open-source) database, then the accuracy of this model can only improve, to provide the community data from global-scale climate modelling or the individual city scale in the future. The results show that Q F varied widely through the year, through the day, between countries and urban areas. An assessment of the heat emissions estimated revealed that they are reasonably close to those produced by a global model and a number of small-scale city models, so results from LUCY can be used with a degree of confidence. From LUCY, the global mean urban Q F has a diurnal range of 0.7-3.6 W m −2 , and is greater on weekdays than weekends. The heat release from building is the largest contributor (89-96%), to heat emissions globally. Differences between months are greatest in the middle of the day (up to 1 W m −2 at 1 pm). December to February, the coldest months in the Northern Hemisphere, have the highest heat emissions. July and August are at the higher end. The least Q F is emitted in May. The highest individual grid cell heat fluxes in urban areas were located in

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The significance of the anthropogenic heat emissions of London's buildings: A comparison against captured shortwave solar radiation

Cited by 114 publications

References 14 publications

The impact of the London Olympic Parkland on the urban heat island

The impact of the London Olympic Parkland on the urban heat island

A review of methods for estimating anthropogenic heat and moisture emissions in the urban environment

Global to city scale urban anthropogenic heat flux: model and variability

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