Intelligent NFC potassium measurement strip with hemolysis check in capillary blood

Abstract

130 million people in Western Europe and the USA suffer from chronic cardiac degeneration or kidney insufficiency. The medical treatment requires a routine medical examination accompanied by laboratory blood analyses. This is cost-intensive for the health care system and also time consuming for the patients. This paper presents an economical, wireless sensor node solution in terms of an intelligent near field communication (NFC) potassium measurement strip (NPMS) usable in a home environment. The NPMS comprises two different electrochemical sensors for the acquisition of two parameters in capillary blood and an autonomous sense and identification grain (ASIG) for the electrical analysis, communication, and data transfer. The ASIG is equipped with an integrated amperometric and potentiostatic functionality, radio frequency identification (RFID) interface for high frequency (HF)/NFC, and has been designed using a 130 nm CMOS standard process. It facilitates the implementation of two different measurement techniques, which are necessary for the accurate determination of the potassium concentration in capillary blood, whereby the occurrence of hemolysis can be detected. This NPMS impresses with its large scale integration and is solely powered by the NFC reader device.Keywords: NFC; amperometry; potentiometry; CMOS Intelligenter NFC-Kalium-Messstreifen mit Hämolysekontrolle in Kapillarblut. Mess-und Identifikations-Chip (ASIG) Millionen Menschen in Westeuropa und den USA leider an chronischer Herz-oder Niereninsuffizienz. Die Behandlung erfordert eine regelmäßige medizinische Untersuchung, welche mit Laboranalysen des Blutes einhergeht. Dies ist kostenintensiv für das Gesundheitswesen und auch zeitaufwendig für den Patienten. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert eine ökonomische, drahtlose Sensorknotenlösung in Form eines intelligenten NFC-Kalium-Messstreifens (NPMS) für den Heimgebrauch. Der NPMS enthält zwei verschiedene elektrochemische Sensoren für die Erfassung zweier Parameter im Kapillarblut und einen autonomen

Point-of-care and self-testing for potassium: recent advances

“…Lastly, an academic group at Graz University of Technology, Austria, in collaboration with Infineon Technologies Austria AG, published a paper in 2018 (ref. 42 ) describing an electrochemical sensor for potassium that also measures haemolysis as a quality control measure. No announcement has been made that the technology will be commercialised.…”

Miniaturized On-Chip NFC Antenna versus Screen-Printed Antenna for the Flexible Disposable Sensor Strips

“…Ordinarily, the NFC antenna is a multi-turn loop of conductors connected to a capacitor that resonates at 13.56 MHz [1]. The use of NFC in medical applications such as blood potassium level measurement has been reported in [2]. In this work, the potassium level in the blood sample is measured via a chip integrated to the NFC antenna and is reported to the reader.…”