Intelligence across childhood in relation to illegal drug use in adulthood: 1970 British Cohort Study

White, James; Batty, G. David

doi:10.1136/jech-2011-200252

Cited by 36 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Given that stimulant drugs have been shown to enhance facial emotion recognition, 63 it is tempting to speculate whether fear recognition impairments might impact the risk of cocaine abuse in individuals with low IQ. The relationship between intelligence and cocaine use is generally an interesting one: high IQ has been associated with an increased likelihood of experimenting with illicit drugs, including cocaine, 64 while the risk of developing dependence in individuals with low IQ is thought to be mediated by conduct problems during childhood. 65 One may speculate whether the impairments in fear recognition frequently reported in adolescents with conduct disorder might influence their increased risk of developing drug dependence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the face of threat: neural and endocrine correlates of impaired facial emotion recognition in cocaine dependence

et al. 2015

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The ability to recognize facial expressions of emotion in others is a cornerstone of human interaction. Selective impairments in the recognition of facial expressions of fear have frequently been reported in chronic cocaine users, but the nature of these impairments remains poorly understood. We used the multivariate method of partial least squares and structural magnetic resonance imaging to identify gray matter brain networks that underlie facial affect processing in both cocaine-dependent (n=29) and healthy male volunteers (n=29). We hypothesized that disruptions in neuroendocrine function in cocaine-dependent individuals would explain their impairments in fear recognition by modulating the relationship with the underlying gray matter networks. We found that cocaine-dependent individuals not only exhibited significant impairments in the recognition of fear, but also for facial expressions of anger. Although recognition accuracy of threatening expressions co-varied in all participants with distinctive gray matter networks implicated in fear and anger processing, in cocaine users it was less well predicted by these networks than in controls. The weaker brain-behavior relationships for threat processing were also mediated by distinctly different factors. Fear recognition impairments were influenced by variations in intelligence levels, whereas anger recognition impairments were associated with comorbid opiate dependence and related reduction in testosterone levels. We also observed an inverse relationship between testosterone levels and the duration of crack and opiate use. Our data provide novel insight into the neurobiological basis of abnormal threat processing in cocaine dependence, which may shed light on new opportunities facilitating the psychosocial integration of these patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In the face of threat: neural and endocrine correlates of impaired facial emotion recognition in cocaine dependence

et al. 2015

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“…Evidence suggests that those with higher general intelligence may be more likely to seek evolutionary novel stimuli, such as potent, modern drugs (Kanazawa & Hellberg, 2010;White & Batty, 2012); and those with lower intelligence may be more likely to seek evolutionary familiar stimuli, such as sex (Hopcroft, 2006;Kanazawa, 2004) and certain types of music (Kanazawa, 2004(Kanazawa, , 2010a(Kanazawa, , 2010b(Kanazawa, , 2012Kanazawa & Perina, 2012). We did not account for intelligence in the present study, although it is a possible countervailing factor in the SDRR association.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Sex Drugs and Rock and Roll: Evidence Supporting the Storied Trilogy

Harrison¹,

Hughes²

2017

HEB

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“…First, high IQ individuals may have a higher level of sensation seeking, which brings about risky behavior, even on their own health (White & Batty, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High IQ individuals are associated with higher degrees of sensation seeking and openness to experiences (Aitken Harris, 2004;Raine, Reynolds, Venables, & Mednick, 2002;Wainwright, Wright, Luciano, Geffen, & Martin, 2008). For example, some studies have reported that people with higher IQs during childhood may increase the risk of illegal drug and alcohol dependency and excess alcohol intake in adulthood (e.g., Batty et al, 2008;Hatch et al, 2007;White & Batty, 2012). People who engage in riskier behaviors are significantly less likely to purchase insurance (Cutler, Finkelstein, & McGarry, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

National intelligence and private health expenditure: Do high IQ societies spend more on health insurance?

2015

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Studies show that high IQ people practice healthier lifestyles, which result in better health status. However, do such people spend more on healthcare? We employed hierarchical multiple regression analysis to examine the impact of national average IQ on private health expenditure, especially health insurance at cross-country level. Controlling for income, the old-age dependency ratio, and government expenditure on health, we found that IQ was positively significant on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure but negatively associated with private health insurance expenditure. We suggest that high IQ societies pay less for health insurance because they are more capable of preventing illnesses or injuries and they live in healthier and safer environments, which are less vulnerable to diseases. In addition, they are more efficient at calculating risk and making choices according to their future healthcare 2 needs. Hence, with price dispersion and various choices of premium schemes available within the health insurance industry, high IQ people may be more efficient at obtaining lower effective prices of premiums.

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Intelligence across childhood in relation to illegal drug use in adulthood: 1970 British Cohort Study

Abstract: High childhood IQ may increase the risk of illegal drug use in adolescence and adulthood.

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

In the face of threat: neural and endocrine correlates of impaired facial emotion recognition in cocaine dependence

In the face of threat: neural and endocrine correlates of impaired facial emotion recognition in cocaine dependence

Sex Drugs and Rock and Roll: Evidence Supporting the Storied Trilogy

National intelligence and private health expenditure: Do high IQ societies spend more on health insurance?

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