National intelligence and private health expenditure: Do high IQ societies spend more on health insurance?

Abstract

Studies show that high IQ people practice healthier lifestyles, which result in better health status. However, do such people spend more on healthcare? We employed hierarchical multiple regression analysis to examine the impact of national average IQ on private health expenditure, especially health insurance at cross-country level. Controlling for income, the old-age dependency ratio, and government expenditure on health, we found that IQ was positively significant on out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure but negatively associated with private health insurance expenditure. We suggest that high IQ societies pay less for health insurance because they are more capable of preventing illnesses or injuries and they live in healthier and safer environments, which are less vulnerable to diseases. In addition, they are more efficient at calculating risk and making choices according to their future healthcare 2 needs. Hence, with price dispersion and various choices of premium schemes available within the health insurance industry, high IQ people may be more efficient at obtaining lower effective prices of premiums.

Micro Health Takaful Framework for Poor Communities in Malaysia

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Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Demand for General Takaful: Proposed Theoretical Framework and Hypotheses Development

“…These studies became the perfect addition to the study regarding the demand for Takaful in Malaysia due to the involvement of business owners from organizations ranging from micro to big/giant organizations. Besides, the method in this research is also in similar to the method in the studies by Hoyt and Khang (2000), Burhan. Salleh, & Burhan (2015), and Lin, Lin, Zou (2012), where survey was conducted on organizations in order to evaluate the general demand for insurance in the case of their study sample.…”

Consumer Behaviour and Insurance Claim Fraud in Malaysia

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