Integration of Biomaterials into Sensors Based on Organic Thin‐Film Transistors

Abstract

Sensors based on organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) present various advantages, including high sensitivity and mechanical flexibility, thus possessing potential applications such as wearable devices and biomedical electronics for health monitoring, etc. However, such applications are partially limited by the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sensitivity to target analytes of OTFT-based sensors, which can be improved by the incorporation of diverse biomaterials. This article presents a brief review from the viewpoint of the type of the integrated biomaterials, including naturally occurring biomacromolecules such as proteins, enzymes, and deoxyribonucleic acid, as well as biocompatible polymers such as polylactide, poly(lactide-co-glycolide), poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose, polydimethylsiloxane, parylene, etc. It is believed that future work in this field should be devoted to the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability improvement as well as the high-level integration and sophistication on the basis of the OTFT-based sensors for physical, chemical, and biological sensing applications.

Silver Nanoparticles Based Ink with Moderate Sintering in Flexible and Printed Electronics

“…Thin film transistor (TFT) is an electronic device widely used in applications including display back plane, sensor and logic circuit, etc [111,112,113]. In addition, it is considered as a model device to investigate the intrinsic physics of semiconductor film and metallic electrode contact, which also are significant for other devices, such as photovoltaic cell and organic light emitting diode.…”

Advanced Soft Materials, Sensor Integrations, and Applications of Wearable Flexible Hybrid Electronics in Healthcare, Energy, and Environment

“…Using bioresorbable materials including Si, Mg, Zn, Mo, W, SiO 2 , MgO, PLGA, a) PI, b) etc. [260,261] Using biomaterials including proteins, enzymes, and DNA [246] Gauge factor High gauge factor within large strain range is required to detect the small strains induced by subtle human expressions…”

“…Adopting polymeric substrates with intrinsically water-repellent properties [239] Hybrid nanofiller-shaped composites [244] Chemical treatment with silane, carboxyl, and fluorine groups on the surfaces to generate a repellent surface [97] Biocompatibility Low toxicity or nontoxicity is required for long-term retention of the wearable flexible bioelectronics on the human skin Encapsulation or compositing with biocompatible materials [12] Adopting intrinsically nontoxic polymers and metal oxides [10] Biodegradable porous nanostructures [262] Using gel-free dry adhesives [131] Bioresorbability To avoid the many long-term complications associated with detachment processes or nondegradability Using bioresorbable materials including Si, Mg, Zn, Mo, W, SiO 2 , MgO, PLGA, a) PI, b) etc. [260,261] Using biomaterials including proteins, enzymes, and DNA [246] Gauge factor High gauge factor within large strain range is required to detect the small strains induced by subtle human expressions Using intrinsically high gauge factor materials such as semiconducting ZnO, ZnSnO 3 , CNTs, and C-diamond [278] Introduction of cracks in a conductive thin film [279] Ultrathin metal foils on prestretched dielectrics for capacitive-type strain sensor [145] Hierarchical architecture with MXene c) -AgNW as the "brick" and PDA d) /Ni 2+ as the "mortar" [143] 0D-1D-2D ternary nanocomposite based on fullerene-SiNWs-graphene oxide [139] Scalability Large scalability and cost effectiveness are attractive for future electronics FET structure for thermistor-type temperature sensors Microfabrication of solderable and stretchable sensing system based on nickel-vanadium and gold pad metal layers and copper interconnection [12] [287]…”

“…In another application, a biochemical sensor exploited a biofouling membrane coated on the surface to limit the accumulation of unwanted materials on the surface and to pass analyte of interest. In this case, the membrane has a certain degree of hydrophobicity to change interfacial energy, [229] enable a better orientation of immobilized antibodies, [246] or prevent the formation of a hydration layer as well as the adhesion of bacteria. [231,247] 3.2.6.…”

Highly Efficient and Wide Range Humidity Response of Biocompatible Egg White Thin Film

“…Biomaterials have already been successfully tested as the functional layer for different types of electronic devices, including resistive random-access memory (RRAMs) [ 16 , 17 ], field effect transistors (FETs) [ 18 ], dye-synthesized solar cells (DSCs) [ 19 ], actuators [ 20 ], sensors [ 15 ], and batteries [ 21 ]. Li et al [ 22 ] fabricated an organic inverted solar cell by using L-arginine (L-Arg) as the electron transport layer.…”