Highly Efficient and Wide Range Humidity Response of Biocompatible Egg White Thin Film

Abstract

Biopolymers are a solution to solve the increasing problems caused by the advances and revolution in the electronic industry owing to the use of hazardous chemicals. In this work, we have used egg white (EW) as the low-cost functional layer of a biocompatible humidity sensor and deposited it on gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) patterned through the state-of-the-art fabrication technology of thermal vacuum evaporation. The presence of hydrophilic proteins inside the thin film of EW makes it an attractive candidate for sensing humidity. Usually, the dependence of the percentage of relative humidity (%RH) on the reliability of measurement setup is overlooked for impedimetric humidity sensors but we have used a modified experimental setup to enhance the uniformity of the obtained results. The characteristics of our device include almost linear response with a quick response time (1.2 s) and fast recovery time (1.7 s). High sensitivity of 50 kΩ/%RH was achieved in the desirable detection range of 10–85%RH. The device size was intentionally kept small for its potential integration in a marketable chip. Results for the response of our fabricated sensor for dry and wet fingertips, along with determining the rate of breathing through the mouth, are part of this study, making it a potential device for health monitoring.

Pencil-drawn graphitic traces on sticky note paper for wearable electronics

“…Furthermore, graphite is radiolucent, which means it does not interfere with medical imaging processes, proving it well-suited for patients that require frequent radiographic check-ups. Some alternatives to pencil graphite are carbon ink [22], which has been tested in this paper, or the potential usage of a carbon paste made by mixing carbon black powder [23] and DI (deionised) water or PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) [24]. Despite all the advantages of using paper, it poses some challenges when utilised as a substrate, one of which is its lack of durability.…”

“…With an increase in frequency, the waveforms observed on the oscilloscope have been getting sharper (figure 4b). For a particular frequency, it has been observed that the filter with egg albumin coating [22][23][24] performed better as a filter on account of the interaction between the IDC and the egg albumin coating. This is due to the increase in capacitance and a higher time constant.…”

Self-Powered Humidity Sensor Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerator Composed of Bio-Wasted Peanut Skin Powder

“…to fulfill their requirements. While the demonstrated SPHSs function effectively, the materials utilized often lack biocompatibility, which remains a significant unresolved concern for us [ 12 , 16 , 22 , 24 , 25 ] due to which biodegradable materials need to be studied for TENG [ 28 , 29 ] and humidity sensors [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Cellulose and lignin, which are biocompatible materials, demonstrate impressive performance in TENGs [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ] and also exhibit good humidity-sensing properties [ 36 , 37 , 38 ].…”

The Effect of Surface Hydroxyls on the Humidity-Sensitive Properties of LiCl-Doped ZnSn(OH)6 Sphere-Based Sensors

“…Hence, considerable attention is paid to looking for various sensing materials for humidity detection, such as metal oxide, ceramics, polymers, biomaterials, and 2D materials. [7][8][9][10][11][12]. The perovskite structure was formed from many oxides with transport properties ranging from predominantly ionic conduction to predominantly electronic conduction.…”