Integration of a Superparamagnetic Scaffold and Magnetic Field To Enhance the Wound-Healing Phenotype of Fibroblasts

Abstract

Most of the existing scaffolds for guiding tissue regeneration do not provide direct mechanical stimulation to the cells grown on them. In this work, we used nanofibrous superparamagnetic scaffolds with applied magnetic fields to build a "dynamic" scaffold platform and investigated the modulating effects of this platform on the phenotypes of fibroblasts. The results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent and transwell assays indicated that fibroblasts cultivated in this platform secreted significantly higher type I collagen, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and transforming growth factor-β1 and did so in a time-dependent manner. At the same time, they produced fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; this, in turn, accelerated the osteogenesis of preosteoblasts with the help of increased basic fibroblast growth factor as well as balanced extracellular matrix components. Mechanistic studies revealed that the platform modulated the phenotypic polarization of fibroblasts through the activation of components of integrin, focal adhesion kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways and the inhibition of the activation of Toll-like receptor-4 and nuclear factor κB. Overall, the platform promoted the wound-healing phenotype of fibroblasts, which would be of great benefit to the scaffold-guided tissue regeneration.

<p>Exosomes Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells with the Stimulation of Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles and Static Magnetic Field Enhance Wound Healing Through Upregulated miR-21-5p</p>

“…22 Incorporation of MNPs and SMF has been confirmed to enhance wound healing by improving fibrogenesis and angiogenesis. 16 In order to further improve the paracrine activities of BMSC-Exos for accelerating wound healing, we successfully fabricated a novel exosome, mag-BMSC-Exo, to transmit the stimulatory effects of MNPs and and SMF with only very little residual Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (7.48nmol/mL) in this study.…”

“…15 Additionally, the combination of MNPs and SMF can further enhance the wound healing process by modulating the phenotypic polarization of fibroblasts. 16 Therefore, we sought to fabricate novel exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) by stimulating with Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles and SMF (mag-BMSC-Exos), in order to improve the effect of exosomes derived from BMSCs (BMSC-Exos) for wound healing in this study. Meanwhile, the potential mechanisms of their promotion for wound healing would also be assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments.…”

Cerium- and Iron-Oxide-Based Nanozymes in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

“…The Xu and Gu groups used PLA as a polymer in electrosprayed scaffolds [177]. DMSA-modified IO-NPs were incorporated into the fibers to obtain 7.5% (w/w) loading.…”

Modulatory Effects of the Composition and Structure on the Osteogenic Enhancement for Superparamagnetic Scaffolds

“…We previously demonstrated that both macrophages and fibroblasts grown on mag-PLA/NF secreted higher amounts of growth factors 9,15 including VEGF, PDGF and bFGF, here we prepared conditioned media (CMs) by mixing the inductive medium and culture supernatants from the incubation of macrophages and fibroblasts grown on mag-PLA/NF under MF5 or MF10 or in the absence of MF at 1:1 (volume ratio). The CMs were employed in the bottom chamber of a transwell device.…”

“…Recent years, an approach of superparamagnetic scaffolds in combination with static magnetic fields has attracted increasing interests for research into bone tissue engineering [35][36] applications, and this approach has been also applied in 3D 37 printing technology. Increasing studies have indicated that superparamagnetic nanoparticles embedded in scaffolds can still be magnetized under magnetic fields, which allow the scaffolds show 9,38 the superparamagnetic performance that has been demonstrated 5,6,8,10,31 promotion of osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. However, whether the superparamagnetic property is associated with polymer chemistry and physical morphology is still unkonwn.…”