Cerium- and Iron-Oxide-Based Nanozymes in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Nanoparticulate materials displaying enzyme-like properties, so-called nanozymes, are explored as substitutes for natural enzymes in several industrial, energy-related, and biomedical applications. Outstanding high stability, enhanced catalytic activities, low cost, and availability at industrial scale are some of the fascinating features of nanozymes. Furthermore, nanozymes can also be equipped with the unique attributes of nanomaterials such as magnetic or optical properties. Due to the impressive development of nanozymes during the last decade, their potential in the context of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine also started to be explored. To highlight the progress, in this review, we discuss the two most representative nanozymes, namely, cerium- and iron-oxide nanomaterials, since they are the most widely studied. Special focus is placed on their applications ranging from cardioprotection to therapeutic angiogenesis, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.

Bioinspired Metal-Free Fluorescent Carbon Nanozyme with Dual Catalytic Activity to Confront Cellular Oxidative Damage

“…These analogues of “artificial enzymes” demonstrated several advantages compared to the natural enzymes viz., facile synthetic process, cost effectiveness, longer storage stability, reusability (being heterogeneous in nature); without compromising the selectivity and rate of reaction. Till date, a good number of nanomaterials viz., metals, , metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, halogen compounds, metal–organic frameworks, and layered double hydroxides have been evaluated for their intrinsic enzyme-like activity which can be tuned via control of NP size, doping agent, surface modifications, and so forth. However, some metal or metal oxide NPs lack specificity, suffer from low stability under different pH and temperature conditions, and also show quite weak enzyme-like activity .…”

Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers Incorporating Nanozymes for the Depletion of Reactive Oxygen Species

“…Nanozymes are a type of nanoparticulate systems displaying enzyme-like properties, which overcome the aforementioned limitations. 23 Furthermore, since nanozymes are synthetic compounds, additional advantages include decreased batch-to-batch variations and lack of xenogeneic contamination.…”

Nanozymes to fight the COVID-19 and future pandemics

“…For instance, cerium oxide nanoparticles are used to monitor superoxide dismutase- and catalase-mimic activities, whereas ferric-based nanoparticles detect peroxidase- and oxidase-mimic actions (Yang et al 2017 ; Bhagat et al 2018 ). Nanomaterials have been used for the detection of glucose, cholesterol, organophosphorous neurotoxins, DNA, c-reactive proteins, viruses, stem cell, and cancer cells (Liang et al 2013 ; Maji et al 2015 ; Nirala et al 2018 ; Jansman and Hosta-Rigau 2019 ; Sun et al 2020 ; Gupta et al 2021 ). Signals are detected and imaged using properties such as electrochemical, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, calorimetry, surface plasmon resonance and thermoplasmonic.…”