Modulatory Effects of the Composition and Structure on the Osteogenic Enhancement for Superparamagnetic Scaffolds

Abstract

Increasing evidence shows that superparamagnetic scaffolds can enhance the osteogenesis under magnetic fields. The aim of this work is to compare the magnetization and the osteogenic enhancement of superparamagnetic scaffolds composed of different compositions with different microstructures. Herein 9 kinds of superparamagnetic scaffolds of PLA, polyurethane and gelatin were fabricated by incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles in polymeric matrices, and using the process of electrospinning, salt-leaching, and solution casting to obtain microstructure of nanofibrous, porous and smooth respectively, while hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were incorporated in all the scaffolds with the same percentage. It was showed that the magnetization behavior of the scaffolds was associated with the composition and microstructure as well as with the osteogenic enhancement of the scaffolds. The nanofibrous scaffold composed of PLA, nHA and MNPs possessed the strongest magnetization, and significantly promoted the osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts and bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) under magnetic fields, evidenced by the upregulated gene expression of Runx2 and BMP2, the increased ALP activity, OPN and OCN of the cells. The optimal scaffold recruited more bMSCs and enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and the cross talk among the bMSCs, macrophages and fibroblasts under the magnetic field.

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“…Biocompatible and biodegradable polymers and their composites use natural and artificial materials to meet the necessary demands 20–22 . In contrast to the high restorative effectiveness and appropriate bioactivity of the scaffolds, there is low interest in natural materials due to limited resources and high prices 23–28 . So biomaterial scientists are trying to introduce new synthesized polymers and composites for the replacement of tissues.…”

“…[20][21][22] In contrast to the high restorative effectiveness and appropriate bioactivity of the scaffolds, there is low interest in natural materials due to limited resources and high prices. [23][24][25][26][27][28] So biomaterial scientists are trying to introduce new synthesized polymers and composites for the replacement of tissues.…”

Review on Shielding Mechanism and Structural Design of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Composites

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In-vivo Investigations of Hydroxyapatite/Co-polymeric Composites Coated Titanium Plate for Bone Regeneration

“…This accomplishment might direct to the VCR's resulting cell death besides the cell proliferation rate. The bone uniting by utilizing whichever autografts or allografts has been the “best quality level” therapy for patients experiencing essential bone imperfections; however, there are disadvantages, for example, difficulties incomplete joining of bone tissue to the implantation (Hao et al, 2018 ). Tissue engineering signifies a united perspective to rehabilitate or regenerate affected tissue by connecting biology and engineering (Perikamana et al, 2015 ; Chahal et al, 2019 ).…”