Integrated Refractive Index Optical Ring Resonator Detector for Capillary Electrophoresis

Zhu, Hongying; White, Ian M.; Suter, Jonathan D.; Zourob, Mohammed; Fan, Xudong

doi:10.1021/ac061279q

Cited by 100 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Capillary microresonators, such as optofluidic ring resonators (OFRRs) [1], are of particular interest for applications in which they may be integrated with established liquid and gas phase analysis techniques such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) [2] and gas chromatography (GC) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wavelength-scale size of the thin wall enables the internal evanescent field of the WGMs to overlap with a sample within the capillary, shifting the WGM resonant wavelength as the local environment of the field changes. This allows OFRRs to be used as refractometric sensors in a variety of applications, such as CE [2], GC [3], biosensing [4][5][6] and ultrasensitive optofluidic sensor designs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Capillary electrophoresis is a versatile liquid-or gel-phase analytical tool that has been employed in a variety of areas ranging from the separation of small molecules to proteins and DNA to chemical cytometry [2,8]. By loading a capillary with a sample and applying an elec-trical voltage to either end, the various mobilities of the species within the sample act to separate them along the length of the capillary [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Fluorescent polymer coated capillaries as optofluidic refractometric sensors

Rowland¹,

François²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fluorescent polymer coated capillaries as optofluidic refractometric sensors

Rowland¹,

François²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2013

Opt. Express

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“…Due to these properties, the RI detector has the unique area of application in the separation and analysis of polymers or carbohydrates since they do not adsorb in the UV, do not ionize and although fluorescent derivatives can be made, the procedure is tedious and time consuming. Moreover, since the RI detector measures the analyte concentration instead of mass, the detection signal does not scale down with the sample volume, which makes RI detection particularly attractive when ultrasmall (pico-/nanoliter) detection volume is involved [24].…”

Section: Hplc Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspended Microchannel Resonators for Ultralow Volume Universal Detection

et al. 2008

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Universal detectors that maintain high sensitivity as the detection volume is reduced to the sub-nanoliter scale can enhance the utility of miniaturized total analysis systems (ji-TAS). Here the unique scaling properties of the suspended microchannel resonator (SMR) are exploited to show universal detection in a 10 pL analysis volume with a density detection limit of -1 [gg/cm 3 (10 Hz bandwidth) and a linear dynamic range of six decades. Analytes with low UV extinction coefficients such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8 KDa, glucose, and glycine are measured with molar detection limits of 0.66 RM, 13.5 gM, and 31.6 JIM, respectively. To demonstrate the potential for real-time monitoring, gel filtration chromatography was used to separate different molecular weights of PEG as the SMR acquired a chromatogram by measuring the eluate density. This work suggests that the SMR could offer a simple and sensitive universal detector for various separation systems from liquid chromatography to capillary electrophoresis. Moreover, since the SMR is itself a microfluidic channel, it can be directly integrated into g-TAS without compromising overall performance. AcknowledgementsFirst of all, I wish to thank Professor Scott Manalis for the opportunity to do my thesis research in his laboratory. Scott has given me invaluable guidance that fosters creativity, teamwork, enthusiasm, and handson research. I also want to thank all group members who contributed to this work: Thomas Burg originally developed the SMR and related setups which I used for my research inline with HPLC system. He also gave me countless advices regarding experiment. Will Grover was an indispensable resource for everything from the knowledge involving HPLC to experimental details. Michel Godin was a good consultant who gave me an insight to research in general. Scott Knudsen helped me dealing with problems involving chemistry and biology with great passion. Yao-Chung (Wesley) Weng gave me a great help in dealing with electronics such as oscillating circuits. Furthermore, the passion of Rumi Chunara, diligence of Andrea Bryan, optimism of Marcio von Muhlen, and discretion of Phillp Dextras has been constant sources of motivation for me. I also thank Ken Babcock and Alison Skelley for valuable discussions.

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AbstractRefractive index (RI) sensing is a powerful noninvasive and label-free sensing technique for the identification, detection and monitoring of microfluidic samples with a wide range of possible sensor designs such as interferometers and resonators 1,2 . Most of the existing RI sensing applications focus on biological materials in aqueous solutions in visible and IR frequencies, such as DNA hybridization and genome sequencing.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Astley

Reichel

Mendis

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Refractive index (RI) sensing is a powerful noninvasive and label-free sensing technique for the identification, detection and monitoring of microfluidic samples with a wide range of possible sensor designs such as interferometers and resonators 1,2 . Most of the existing RI sensing applications focus on biological materials in aqueous solutions in visible and IR frequencies, such as DNA hybridization and genome sequencing. At terahertz frequencies, applications include quality control, monitoring of industrial processes and sensing and detection applications involving nonpolar materials.Several potential designs for refractive index sensors in the terahertz regime exist, including photonic crystal waveguides 3 , asymmetric splitring resonators 4 , and photonic band gap structures integrated into parallel-plate waveguides 5 . Many of these designs are based on optical resonators such as rings or cavities. The resonant frequencies of these structures are dependent on the refractive index of the material in or around the resonator. By monitoring the shifts in resonant frequency the refractive index of a sample can be accurately measured and this in turn can be used to identify a material, monitor contamination or dilution, etc.The sensor design we use here is based on a simple parallel-plate waveguide 6,7 . A rectangular groove machined into one face acts as a resonant cavity (Figures 1 and 2). When terahertz radiation is coupled into the waveguide and propagates in the lowest-order transverse-electric (TE 1 ) mode, the result is a single strong resonant feature with a tunable resonant frequency that is dependent on the geometry of the groove 6,8 . This groove can be filled with nonpolar liquid microfluidic samples which cause a shift in the observed resonant frequency that depends on the amount of liquid in the groove and its refractive index 9 .Our technique has an advantage over other terahertz techniques in its simplicity, both in fabrication and implementation, since the procedure can be accomplished with standard laboratory equipment without the need for a clean room or any special fabrication or experimental techniques. It can also be easily expanded to multichannel operation by the incorporation of multiple grooves 10 . In this video we will describe our complete experimental procedure, from the design of the sensor to the data analysis and determination of the sample refractive index. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Integrated Refractive Index Optical Ring Resonator Detector for Capillary Electrophoresis

Cited by 100 publications

References 53 publications

Fluorescent polymer coated capillaries as optofluidic refractometric sensors

Fluorescent polymer coated capillaries as optofluidic refractometric sensors

Suspended Microchannel Resonators for Ultralow Volume Universal Detection

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

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