Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: learning from the past to guide the future

Reed, J. Michael; Vianen, Josh van; Deakin, Elizabeth; Barlow, Jos; Sunderland, Terry

doi:10.1111/gcb.13284

Cited by 316 publications

(350 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Yet as more roads dissect Amazonian forests and income from agricultural expansion in the Amazon region transforms local economies, the extraction of forest products may eventually play a lesser role (Ruiz-Pérez et al 2004;Coomes et al 2016). Since long-term Brazil nut production seems inextricably tied to a continuous forest cover, one key intervention is clearly to preserve large expanses of productive Brazil nut-rich forests functionally integrated within human-modified landscapes (Sayer et al 2013;Reed et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

et al. 2017

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The Brazil nut (the seeds of the rainforest tree Bertholletia excelsa) is the only globally traded seed collected from the wild by forest-based harvesters across the Amazon basin. The large geographic scale of Brazil nut exploitation and the significant contributions to local livelihoods, national economies, and forest-based development over the last decades, merit a review of the ''conservation-through-use'' paradigm. We use Elinor Ostrom's framework for assessing sustainability in socioecological systems: (1) resource unit, (2) users, (3) governance system, and (4) resource system, to determine how different contexts and external developments generate specific conservation and development outcomes. We find that the resource unit reacts robustly to the type and level of extraction currently practiced; that resource users have built on a self-organized system that had defined boundaries and access to the resource; that linked production chains, market networks and informal financing work to supply global markets; and that local harvesters have used supporting alliances with NGOs and conservationists to formalize and secure their endogenous governance system and make it more equitable. As a result, the Brazil nut model represents a socioecological system that may not require major changes to sustain productivity. Yet since long-term Brazil nut production seems inextricably tied to a continuous forest cover, and because planted Brazil nut trees currently provide a minimal contribution to total nut production basin-wide, we call to preserve, diversify and intensify production in Brazil nut-rich forests that will inevitably become ever more integrated within human-modified landscapes over time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

et al. 2017

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“…It may be that positive interactions between forest and agriculture are not taken into account by the framework (which focuses largely on trade-offs) because it has been developed (and is being used) chiefly by conservation ecologists but not by agronomists. The contribution of agronomists to the framework is urgently needed for synergies not to be missed in the design of landscape mosaics that contribute to both biodiversity conservation and human well-being (Reed et al 2016). In particular, agronomists may contribute to a better selection of proxies of "agricultural yield" when plotting yielddensity functions classically used to identify-in a particular context-species that are better suited to land sparing or land sharing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indirect contributions of forests to dietary diversity in Southern Ethiopia

Baudron¹,

Duriaux-Chavarría²,

Remans³

et al. 2017

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ABSTRACT. We assess whether forests contribute indirectly to the dietary diversity of rural households by supporting diverse agricultural production systems. We applied our study in a landscape mosaic in Southern Ethiopia that was divided into three zones of increasing distance to Munesa Forest-"near," "intermediate," and "distant." A variety of research tools and methods, including remote sensing, participatory methods, farm survey, and yield assessment, were employed. Diets of households were more diverse in the near zone than in the other two zones (6.58 ± 1.21, 5.38 ± 1.02, and 4.41 ± 0.77 food groups consumed daily in the near, intermediate, and distant zones, respectively). This difference was not explained by food items collected from Munesa Forest but by biomass flows from the forest to farmlands. Munesa Forest contributed an average of 6.13 ± 2.90 tons of biomass per farm and per year to the farms in the near zone, in the form of feed and fuelwood. Feed from the forest allowed for larger livestock herds in the near zone compared with the other two zones, and fuelwood from the forest reduced the need to use cattle dung as fuel in the near zone compared with the two other zones. These two biomass flows contributed to the availability of more manure to farmers closer to the forest (908 ± 853 kg farm -1 , 771 ± 717 kg farm -1 , and 261 ± 487 kg farm -1 in the near, intermediate, and distant zones, respectively). In turn, increased manure enabled a larger percentage of farms to cultivate a diversified homegarden (87, 64, and 39% of farms in the near, intermediate, and distant zones, respectively). Homegardens and livestock products provided the greater contribution to household dietary diversity closer to the forest.

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“…Addressing the multitude of global challenges expressed in the SDGs requires novel integrative approaches, such as integrative socio-ecological system analyses and more recently the landscape approach [2][3][4]. The growing importance of the landscape approach in the sustainable development agenda is due to its potential to overcome the problems of sectorial approaches [5], to address tradeoffs within larger spatial entities [4], enabling a better understanding of the processes of change and the resilience of local communities and their environment [6] and to tackle the aspects of place attachment in every-day landscapes [7]. A range of international organizations has adopted the Integrated Landscape Approach (ILA), e.g., the International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE), the Global Landscapes Forum, the FAO-Initiative Landscapes for People, Food and Nature and the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Landscape Ecology Group.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Landscape Approach: Closing the Gap between Theory and Application

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Recently, the integrated landscape approach has gained increasing interest of the scientific community, as well as of organizations active in the field of sustainable development. However, the enthusiastic welcome is challenged by little consensus on theory, terminology and definitions. Moreover, the operationalization of the approach into practice is a major challenge. In this paper, we present a framework to operationalize the integrated landscape approach in practice by putting a long-term collaboration between scientists and various stakeholder at center stage. Based on encompassing understanding of landscape-level processes and interactions, four pillars addressing different steps of a joint-learning circle are described and illustrated with examples. We consider the integrated landscape approach to be a prime way of targeting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), but novel forms of collaboration between scientists and other stakeholders based on long-term commitments will be needed for operationalization in practice.

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Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: learning from the past to guide the future

Cited by 316 publications

References 130 publications

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

Revisiting the ‘cornerstone of Amazonian conservation’: a socioecological assessment of Brazil nut exploitation

Indirect contributions of forests to dietary diversity in Southern Ethiopia

Integrated Landscape Approach: Closing the Gap between Theory and Application

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