Abstract:and two PCU products) were replicated four times. Soil samples were collected at 8, 27, 48, 82 and 173 days after fertiliser application (DAF) to quantify N release dynamics. Maize biomass production, N uptake, grain yield and N content were quantified to assess the agronomic performance of CRFs relative to standard urea. Results CRFs delayed the release of N relative to standard urea. Soil moisture and mass flow impacted N release dynamics from fertiliser bands, with soil chemical changes largely confined to … Show more
“…Similar findings have been reported with irrigated maize for both DMPP-urea or CRF products (Dang et al, 2021;Martinez et al, 2021). However, several trials in sugarcane (Dowie et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2016a), which has a longer N-uptake period, reported similar crop N uptake from lower rates of DMPP-urea than from urea applied at rates 20-25% higher (i.e., industry-standard rates), resulting in greater NUE with this EEF.…”
Section: Reduced N Losses May Not Always Translate Into Improved Crop...supporting
confidence: 76%
“…Recently, concerns of polymer "shell" persistence and the potential for these to carry unreleased N into natural ecosystems (Azeem et al, 2014;Trenkel, 2010) has led to investigation of a range of biodegradable coatings (Araujo et al, 2017;Li et al, 2016;Rotondo et al, 2018;Vadjung and Saengsuwan, 2018). Environmental concerns will continue to drive the development of biodegradable coatings in future CRF products, but the efficacy of these coatings for delivering a controlled release of N has only been explored in a very limited number of studies (e.g., Martinez et al, 2021).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the function and efficacy of EEFs is relatively well-defined under controlled-conditions (Azam et al, 2001;Benckiser et al, 2013;Creason et al, 1990;Du et al, 2006;Guardia et al, 2018;Shaviv et al, 2003), field performance of these technologies have not demonstrated consistent outcomes for yield improvement, N uptake and reductions in N losses (Dang et al, 2021;LeMonte et al, 2016;Lester et al, 2016;Li et al, 2015;Martinez et al, 2021;Nauer et al, 2018;Rowlings et al, 2016;Schwenke and Haigh, 2019;Wang et al, 2016b). This inconsistency has eroded confidence in EEFs to deliver improved NUE.…”
Abstract. Enhanced efficiency fertilizer (EEF) technologies that employ product coatings to delay nitrogen (N) release or are chemically stabilized to inhibit key steps of N transformations in soil, offer potential for improving N use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems. However, the dynamics of N release and transformation from single technologies may result in a spatial or temporal mismatch of N supply and demand during a growing season. This may be overcome by use of blends of different technologies, provided the reduction in the concentration of stabilizing products does not reduce effectiveness. Laboratory incubations quantified the N dynamics around fertilizer bands of polymer-coated urea (PCU) and nitrification inhibited (NI) urea and varying blends of these technologies, and referenced this against conventional urea and biodegradable, plant oil-coated urea (POCU) applied at the same rates in two contrasting soils over 60 days. Blends of NI-urea and PCU typically resulted in N concentrations and distribution that were intermediate to that of the constituent products in unblended applications. Changes in the proportions of each product were mirrored by urea-N concentrations around the bands in both soils, while the proportions of NI-urea in each blend were only related to the extent of nitrification inhibition in the Vertisol. A proportion of the POCU granules burst during initial water imbibition, resulting in initially higher mineral N concentrations cf. PCU. However, both CRFs delayed N release and generation of NO3-N relative to granular urea, and mineral N distribution was similar within each soil. Soil type had a significant impact on banded N dynamics. Where there was little effect of N-fertilizer treatment on NO3-N production in the Ferralsol, the greater impedance of solutes in the Vertisol contributed to a significant inhibitory effect of NI-urea on nitrification in both pure and blended DMPP-urea treatments. Using NO3-N production as a benchmark for the risk of environmental loss, the efficacy of fertilizer treatments in this soil was of: DMPP-urea-PCU blends (higher ratio of PCU may offer small but insignificant benefit) > DMPP-urea = PCU > urea. These findings highlight the importance of soil properties in determining the N dynamics from different banded EEF products. Insights into the efficacy of biodegradable alternatives to polymer coatings and the efficacy of blended EEF products can improve the reliability of N supply while reducing environmental impacts, therefore offering greater opportunities to sustainably improve fertilizer NUE in cropping systems.
“…Similar findings have been reported with irrigated maize for both DMPP-urea or CRF products (Dang et al, 2021;Martinez et al, 2021). However, several trials in sugarcane (Dowie et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2016a), which has a longer N-uptake period, reported similar crop N uptake from lower rates of DMPP-urea than from urea applied at rates 20-25% higher (i.e., industry-standard rates), resulting in greater NUE with this EEF.…”
Section: Reduced N Losses May Not Always Translate Into Improved Crop...supporting
confidence: 76%
“…Recently, concerns of polymer "shell" persistence and the potential for these to carry unreleased N into natural ecosystems (Azeem et al, 2014;Trenkel, 2010) has led to investigation of a range of biodegradable coatings (Araujo et al, 2017;Li et al, 2016;Rotondo et al, 2018;Vadjung and Saengsuwan, 2018). Environmental concerns will continue to drive the development of biodegradable coatings in future CRF products, but the efficacy of these coatings for delivering a controlled release of N has only been explored in a very limited number of studies (e.g., Martinez et al, 2021).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…While the function and efficacy of EEFs is relatively well-defined under controlled-conditions (Azam et al, 2001;Benckiser et al, 2013;Creason et al, 1990;Du et al, 2006;Guardia et al, 2018;Shaviv et al, 2003), field performance of these technologies have not demonstrated consistent outcomes for yield improvement, N uptake and reductions in N losses (Dang et al, 2021;LeMonte et al, 2016;Lester et al, 2016;Li et al, 2015;Martinez et al, 2021;Nauer et al, 2018;Rowlings et al, 2016;Schwenke and Haigh, 2019;Wang et al, 2016b). This inconsistency has eroded confidence in EEFs to deliver improved NUE.…”
Abstract. Enhanced efficiency fertilizer (EEF) technologies that employ product coatings to delay nitrogen (N) release or are chemically stabilized to inhibit key steps of N transformations in soil, offer potential for improving N use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems. However, the dynamics of N release and transformation from single technologies may result in a spatial or temporal mismatch of N supply and demand during a growing season. This may be overcome by use of blends of different technologies, provided the reduction in the concentration of stabilizing products does not reduce effectiveness. Laboratory incubations quantified the N dynamics around fertilizer bands of polymer-coated urea (PCU) and nitrification inhibited (NI) urea and varying blends of these technologies, and referenced this against conventional urea and biodegradable, plant oil-coated urea (POCU) applied at the same rates in two contrasting soils over 60 days. Blends of NI-urea and PCU typically resulted in N concentrations and distribution that were intermediate to that of the constituent products in unblended applications. Changes in the proportions of each product were mirrored by urea-N concentrations around the bands in both soils, while the proportions of NI-urea in each blend were only related to the extent of nitrification inhibition in the Vertisol. A proportion of the POCU granules burst during initial water imbibition, resulting in initially higher mineral N concentrations cf. PCU. However, both CRFs delayed N release and generation of NO3-N relative to granular urea, and mineral N distribution was similar within each soil. Soil type had a significant impact on banded N dynamics. Where there was little effect of N-fertilizer treatment on NO3-N production in the Ferralsol, the greater impedance of solutes in the Vertisol contributed to a significant inhibitory effect of NI-urea on nitrification in both pure and blended DMPP-urea treatments. Using NO3-N production as a benchmark for the risk of environmental loss, the efficacy of fertilizer treatments in this soil was of: DMPP-urea-PCU blends (higher ratio of PCU may offer small but insignificant benefit) > DMPP-urea = PCU > urea. These findings highlight the importance of soil properties in determining the N dynamics from different banded EEF products. Insights into the efficacy of biodegradable alternatives to polymer coatings and the efficacy of blended EEF products can improve the reliability of N supply while reducing environmental impacts, therefore offering greater opportunities to sustainably improve fertilizer NUE in cropping systems.
“…Chen et al [ 21 ] deemed that a certain level of N being present would accelerate cotton lateral root elongation and that of the root-projected area by regulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid. Base ions and N in soil, however, are highly mobile and show uneven spatial distributions with obvious spatiotemporal variations [ 22 , 23 ]. To adapt to the non-homogeneity of nutrients and salt, root growth might show a strong plasticity response [ 24 ].…”
Nitrogen (N) application might exert a great impact on root (biomass, length) distribution, which possibly contributes to ion and nutrient uptakes. Here, we address the effects of N application on these characteristics to detect how N improves its salt tolerance. Suaeda salsa was subjected to four salt levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%) and three N treatments (NO3−-N: 0, 0.25, and 0.50 g·kg−1) in soil column experiments. The N applications performed a “dose effect” that significantly enhanced the growth of Suaeda at low salt levels, while negative effects were displayed at high salt levels. Moderate N markedly benefited from Na+ and Cl− uptake, which was approximately 111 mg and 146 mg per plant at a salt level of 1.0%. Exposure to a certain N application significantly enhanced topsoil root length at salt levels of 0.5% and 1.0%, and it was higher by 0.766 m and 1.256 m under N50 treatment than that under N0 treatment, whereas the higher salt levels accelerate subsoil root growth regardless of N treatment. Therefore, its interactive effects on root development and ion uptake were present, which would provide further theoretical basis for improving saline soil amelioration by N application. Regression analysis always showed that topsoil root length generated more positive and significant influences on ion uptake and vegetative growth than total root length. The results suggested that N application is beneficial to salt tolerance by altering root allocation so as to raise its elongation and gather more ions for halophyte in the topsoil.
“…Thus, mitigating the loss of fertilizer-derived N (fertilizer-N) and/or improving NUE has become the focus of considerable agronomic research attention. Subsequently, the development of high-efficiency N fertilizer has emerged as one of the most effective approaches [5,6]. For example, the modification of urea fertilizer with nutrient enhancers has gained popularity among fertilizer researchers and manufacturers because it requires relatively low inputs to induce high increases in NUE [7,8].…”
Humic acids (HAs) incorporated into urea fertilizers are highly effective at increasing yield and decreasing fertilizer-derived nitrogen (N) loss from soil, but reports of the optimal proportion in fertilizers remain widely inconsistent. In this study, we examined the effects of urea enhanced with 0.2–5.0% HAs (UHAs) on the yield, biomass production, N uptake, and N residue in fluvo-aquic soil in winter wheat cultivated over two growing seasons from 2018 to 2020 in the North China Plain. UHAs application significantly enhanced wheat grain yield, aboveground dry biomass, total and fertilizer-derived N uptake by wheat, and residue in soil, while reducing the loss of fertilizer-derived N. Additionally, UHAs treatments increased fertilizer-N residues in soil, especially in the top 30 cm soil layer, which increased with the proportion of added HAs. These positive effects were attributed to a higher spike number under UHAs treatments compared to conventional urea. Clustering analysis of the different treatments showed that 0.2% HAs were more similar to conventional urea, while 0.5% had similar effects to HAs at higher proportions. UHAs application significantly enhanced wheat grain yield, mainly via increasing spike number, and optimized the fertilizer-N fate. Among UHAs treatments, 0.5% HAs showed the highest increase in economic benefit.
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