“…A likely mechanism may be that rapid uptake of sugar results in glycemic spikes which, if occurring frequently, may decrease vascular function by inducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction (Node & Inoue, 2009). In other circumstances, intake of soft drinks with sugar has also been negatively associated with vascular function in terms of elevated blood pressure and increased risks of coronary heart disease (Brown et al, 2011, Huang, Huang, Tian, Yang, & Gu, 2014), preeclampsia (Borgen et al, 2012; Clausen et al, 2001), and preterm delivery in some (Englund‐Ogge et al, 2012, Petherick, Goran, & Wright, 2014), but not in another study (Halldorsson, Strom, Petersen, & Olsen, 2010). Women who exercise little or smoke may be more vulnerable to such effects (Di Francescomarino, Sciartilli, Di Valerio, Di Baldassarre, & Gallina, 2009, Gordon, Lavoie, Arsenault, Ditto, & Bacon, 2008).…”