Insulin Resistance in Dairy Cows

Koster, Jenne De; Opsomer, G.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.04.002

Cited by 292 publications

(303 citation statements)

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“…An overall sparing activity of glucose and an increased utilization of lactate is part of the metabolic adaptation of cows to generate metabolic fuels for early lactation (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013). This metabolic adaptation strategy seems to be used by Low and High group cows similarly, to generate their metabolic fuels.…”

Section: Lipolysis In Periparturient Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because cows of the High group tended to have a higher ruminal pH than those of Low group, it is not justified to assume that ruminal fermentation intensity and ruminal lactate output was greater in High cows to contribute to the increased levels of serum lactate. Another source of lactate is the anaerobe oxidation of glucose occurring in the skeletal muscles and other peripheral tissues, which is known to be enhanced during early lactation (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013). Hepatic gluconeogenesis is one major pathway to clear lactate from the systemic circulation; however, lactate appears to be a glucogenic substrate that is rather easily displaced from gluconeogenesis when available precursors exceed the catalytic capacity to utilize them (Aschenbach et al, 2010).…”

Section: Lipolysis In Periparturient Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adaptations include concerted changes that enable a more efficient use of glucose and also increased generation of fuels from alternate endogenous sources (Aschenbach et al, 2010), because the requirements for glucose are much higher than the alimentary sources. Accordingly, cows enhance the utilization of endogenously available glucogenic sources such as glycogen, skeletal amino acids, lactate and, most importantly, increase the mobilization of triacylglycerols (TAG) from fat tissues to generate the necessary fuels (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013), to overcome the negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum (Ingvartsen and Andersen, 2000). These metabolic adaptations are triggered by the energy deficit and seem to be orchestrated by endocrine changes during the transition period including a lowered insulin sensitivity of many tissues (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013;Rico et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, cows enhance the utilization of endogenously available glucogenic sources such as glycogen, skeletal amino acids, lactate and, most importantly, increase the mobilization of triacylglycerols (TAG) from fat tissues to generate the necessary fuels (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013), to overcome the negative energy balance (NEB) postpartum (Ingvartsen and Andersen, 2000). These metabolic adaptations are triggered by the energy deficit and seem to be orchestrated by endocrine changes during the transition period including a lowered insulin sensitivity of many tissues (De Koster and Opsomer, 2013;Rico et al, 2015). Depending on the level of the energy deficit, various degrees of lipolysis take place in early lactation cows (Hammon et al, 2009;Gruber et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Humer

Khol-Parisini

Grüber

et al. 2016

Animal

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Metabolic adaptation includes an array of concerted metabolic and endocrine events that enable dairy cows bridging the period of energy deficit at the onset of lactation. The present study evaluated metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH changes in 30 (25 Holstein and five Simmental) periparturient dairy cows experiencing variable lipolysis early postpartum. Cows were fed the same close-up and fresh lactation diets and kept in the same management conditions. Blood samples were collected at day 14, and day 4, relative to expected parturition, and at day 2, and day 21 postpartum, and serum metabolites and hormones related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as concentrations of several liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were determined. Additionally, reticuloruminal pH was monitored every 10 min over the last 3 days of the observation period. BW and milk yields were recorded and balances of energy and protein were assessed. Based on serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) postpartum, cows were retrospectively classified into low (n = 8), medium (n = 11), and high (n = 11) lipolysis groups, with NEFA levels of <0.4 mmol/l, between 0.4 and 0.7 mmol/l, and >0.7 mmol/l, respectively. Overall, elevated NEFA concentrations in the High group went along with a higher ratio of NEFA to cholesterol and reduced insulin sensitivity. While serum glucose, energy deficit and BW loss did not differ, cows of the High group exhibited increased lactate concentrations in the serum, compared with the Medium group. No differences in liver enzymes and acute phase proteins were evidenced among fat mobilization groups, whereas concentration of serum billirubin was lowest in the Low group after parturition. Data of milk yield and milk energy output showed no differences among groups, despite divergences in calculated energy balance and BW change postpartum. Cows of the Low group tended to increase dry matter intake but also showed longer time duration of pH below 6.0 in the reticulorumen (on average 299 min/day compared with 99 and 91 min/day for Medium and High groups, respectively). Differences in metabolic, endocrine and reticuloruminal pH responses indicate diverse metabolic adaptation strategies of early-lactation cows to cope with energy deficit postpartum.Keywords: transition dairy cow, fat mobilization, energy metabolism, energy balance, milk production ImplicationsSmooth metabolic adaptation and maintaining rumen health are highly important during the transition period in dairy cows. This study monitored changes in metabolic and endocrine responses and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows that experienced different degrees of lipolysis early postpartum. The findings of different metabolic adaptation strategies to cope with the energy deficit postpartum and the differences regarding reticuloruminal pH indicate a role of rumen fermentation in the metabolic adaptation of dairy cows. This implies that it is necessary to find a proper balance between prevention of rumen fermentation disorders an...

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Section: Lipolysis In Periparturient Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipolysis In Periparturient Cowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Humer

Khol-Parisini

Grüber

et al. 2016

Animal

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“…This decrease in receptor expression has been demonstrated by other studies as being a physiological mechanism (Bell andBauman, 1997, Kerestes et al, 2009) which aims to decrease glucose use by peripheral tissues and increase its availability to the mammary gland (Bell andBauman, 1997, Mattmiller et al, 2011). This also increases the availability of amino acids for gluconeogenesis (Roche et al, 2009, Koster andOpsomer, 2013), promoting the conversion of methylmalonylCoA into succiny-CoA by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which is cyanocobalanin-dependent. This is an important route for the entry of propionate into the Krebs Cycle to synthesize energy (Furll et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina no metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras após o parto

Tabeleão

Schwegler

Pereira

et al. 2017

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina no metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras após o parto ABSTRACTThe hypothesis of this study is that the combined use of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin could enhance peripheral insulin resistance, increasing the amount of glucose available for the mammary gland and milk production. Thus, our aim was to investigate the combined effects of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on the glucose metabolism in dairy cows during the postpartum period. Twenty one dairy cows were divided into two groups: Control Group (CON, n= 11), that received 5 injections of saline solution (20mL/animal 0.9 % NaCl), and Catosal group (ABC, n= 10) which received 5 injections of 20mL of a Butafosfan and Cyanocobalamin solution (Catosal ® B 12 , 100mg of Butafosfan and 50µg Cyanocobalamin for mL). The injections were performed by intramuscular route, on days 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27 postpartum. Blood samples were taken on these days to evaluate plasma concentrations of phosphorus, glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), albumin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase (CK). On days 8 and 28 postpartum, the animals were weighted and subjected to the glucose tolerance and insulin challenge tests. The treatment promoted weight loss (ABC 40.4kg, CON 10.73kg, P< 0.05) and increased AST (ABC 62.92 ±3.31U/L, CON 53.11 ±3.49U/L, P< 0.05) and CK levels (ABC 134.09 ±19.08U/L, CON 79.43 ±18.27U/L). Glucose metabolism (area under the curve) did not differ (P> 0.05) among groups on days 8 and 28; however, ABC animals showed higher serum glucose levels (P< 0.05) after insulin administration on day 28 postpartum (97.54 ±8.54mg/dL) when compared to day 8 (83.01 ±8.54mg/dL). It could be concluded that the combined use of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin interferes positively with the adaptation of glucose metabolism in dairy cows in early lactation.Keywords: energetic metabolism, organic phosphorus, insulin resistance, dairy cows (CON, n= 11 (ABC 40,4kg, CON 10,73kg, P<0,05) e aumento da AST (ABC 62,92 ±3,31U/L, CON 53,11±3,49 U / L, P<0,05) RESUMO A hipótese deste estudo é de que o uso da combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina pode melhorar a resistência periférica à insulina, aumentar a quantidade de glicose disponível para a glândula mamária e a produção de leite. Assim, o objetivo foi investigar os efeitos combinados de butafosfan e cianocobalamina sobre o metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras no período pós-parto. Vinte e uma vacas leiteiras foram divididas em dois grupos: grupo controle

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Effect of sugarcane bagasse as industrial by‐products treated withLactobacillus caseiTH14, cellulase and molasses on feed utilization, ruminal ecology and milk production of mid‐lactating Holstein Friesian cows

Wanapat

Cherdthong

2021

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus casei TH14, cellulase, and molasses combination fermented sugarcane bagasse (SB) as an exclusive roughage source in the total mixed ration (TMR) for mid‐lactation 75% crossbred Holstein cows on feed intake, digestibility, ruminal ecology, milk yield and milk composition. Four multiparous mid‐lactation crossbred (75% Holstein Friesian and 25% Thai native breed) dairy cows of 439 ± 16 kg body weight, 215 ± 5 days in milk and average milk yield 10 ± 2 kg d−1 were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The unfermented SB (SB‐TMR), SB fermented with cellulase and molasses (CM‐TMR), SB fermented with L. casei TH14 and molasses (LM‐TMR), and SB fermented with L. casei TH14, cellulase and molasses (LCM‐TMR) were used as dietary treatments. RESULTS CM‐TMR, LM‐TMR and LCM‐TMR significantly (P < 0.01) increased dry matter and fiber digestibility, gross energy and metabolizable energy intake (P < 0.05), blood glucose, total volatile fatty acids (P < 0.05), propionic acid and milk yield, but decreased ammonia, acetic acid, acetic:propionic ratio and methane production (P < 0.05) when compared with the SB‐TMR. Compared with fermented SB treatments, LCM‐TMR had lower (P < 0.05) ruminal ammonia and greater blood glucose (P < 0.01); LCM‐TMR showed (P < 0.05) greater volatile fatty acids, propionic acid, milk yield and total solids, and lower acetic:propionic ratio (P < 0.01); methane, protozoa and somatic cell count were found to be lowest in LCM‐TMR. CONCLUSION Combination of L. casei TH14 and additives (LCM‐TMR) effectively enhanced feed use, rumen ecology and milk production of Holstein Friesian cows. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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Insulin Resistance in Dairy Cows

Cited by 292 publications

References 102 publications

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Metabolic adaptation and reticuloruminal pH in periparturient dairy cows experiencing different lipolysis early postpartum

Combinação de butafosfan e cianocobalamina no metabolismo da glicose em vacas leiteiras após o parto

Effect of sugarcane bagasse as industrial by‐products treated withLactobacillus caseiTH14, cellulase and molasses on feed utilization, ruminal ecology and milk production of mid‐lactating Holstein Friesian cows

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