Instructions as Discriminative Stimuli

Okouchi, Hiroto

doi:10.1901/jeab.1999.72-205

Cited by 35 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In other words, what determines whether a listener continues to follow the rule "Perform physical exercise" is not the rule but the history of exposure to the consequences of rule-following (Skinner, 1969). Scholars in this fi eld agree with this proposition (Baum, 1999;Catania, 1998;Cerutti, 1989;Chase & Danforth, 1991;Galizio, 1979;Hayes, Brownstein, Zettle, Rosenfarb, & Korn, 1986;Newman, Buffi ngton, & Hemmes, 1995;Okoughi, 1999). However, it is not clear in Skinner's (1969) proposition whether the consequences that would change the probability of rule-following in the future are the immediate consequences produced by rule-following or not rule-following or the future consequences Immediate consequences are events produced by the behavior immediately after its emission.…”

Section: Functions Of Justifi Cations and Of Immediate Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Behavior by Justiﬁcations as Constituent of Rules

Albuquerque¹,

Paracampo²

2017

Temas Psicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Considering that the distinction between the effects of stimuli that are constituent of rules and of reinforcement contingencies in the determination of behavior is not clear, this study attempts to clarify such a distinction by the presentation of the Theory of Control by Justifi cations and by Immediate Consequences (TJC Theory). This theory, grounded in experimental results, comprises the following concepts, as defi ned in previous studies: formal properties of verbal stimuli; rules; behavior; social environment; verbal social environment; nonverbal social environment; immediate consequences; justifi cations; justifi cation Types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; approval or disapproval by justifi cation and by immediate consequences; rules with and without reported justifi cations; future events that may or may not be contacted; and control histories of the listener by (a) immediate differential consequences, (b) differential justifi cations, and (c) the interaction between justifi cations and immediate differential consequences for following rules and for not following rules.

show abstract

Section: Functions Of Justifi Cations and Of Immediate Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of Behavior by Justiﬁcations as Constituent of Rules

Albuquerque¹,

Paracampo²

2017

Temas Psicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Latinem and Rakos (1997) identified four types of stimulus control usually used by the media: establishing operations (Laraway, Snycerski, Michael, & Poling, 2003;Michael, 2000), discriminative stimuli and rules (Okouchi, 1999;Rakos, 1993;Schlinger, 1993;Schlinger & Blakely, 1994) and symbols (de Almeida, & de Rose, 2015;Sidman, 1997;Silveira, Aggio, Cortez, Bortoloti, Rico & de Rose, 2016). Newspapers, radio, and television stations worked to teach rules (description of contingencies) to drivers and pedestrians regarding the function of crosswalks, furnished models of desired behaviors.…”

Section: Description In Behavior Analytic Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossing the Crosswalk: How to Make a City Walk the Line

Machado

Todorov

2017

Behav. Soc. Iss.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stopping for pedestrians in the crosswalk is a longstanding legal mandate in Brazil, but is rarely obeyed or enforced, except in the Brazilian capital, Brasilia where yielding is almost universal because of a campaign planned and developed as a joint effort of government, universities, the media and non-governmental organizations. An overview of the process that resulted in large scale change in cultural practices is presented in this brief report. KEYWORDS: pedestrian safety, traffic safety, Paz no Trânsito, changing cultural practicesIn 1996 Brasilia, DF, Brazil was a city characterized by high speeding cars and a significant number of accidents. A campaign was organized involving several key institutions of civil society (media, churches, the University of Brasília) and government (police and the traffic department of Brasília) acting together. The campaign reduced urban speed and established the cultural practice of respecting crosswalks: practically all drivers in Brasília now stop for the pedestrians crossing the street in the crosswalk. This present paper describes in behavior analytic terms the actions of these institutions that established that change in a cultural practice and discuss this change applying the concept of metacontingency as a conceptual tool to understand this cultural phenomenon.

show abstract

“…Em outras palavras, o que selecionaria se um ouvinte continuaria, ou não, seguindo a regra "Faça exercícios fí-sicos", por exemplo, não seria a regra, mas a história de exposição às consequências para o seguimento de regras (Skinner, 1969). Os estudiosos da área concordam com essa proposição (Baum, 1999;Catania, 1998;Cerutti, 1989;Chase & Danforth, 1991;Galizio, 1979;Hayes, Brownstein, Zettle, Rosenfarb, & Korn, 1986;Newman, Buffi ngton, & Hemmes, 1995;Okoughi, 1999). Contudo, não fi ca claro nessa proposição de Skinner (1969) Matsuo et al, 2014), apesar de sua importância para esclarecer o papel de estímulos constituintes de regras e de contingências de reforço na explicação do comportamento.…”

Section: Funções De Justifi Cativas E De Consequências Imediatasunclassified

“…Na área que investiga as funções de regras, os autores, de modo geral, concordam que o seguimento de regras seria mantido devido a uma história de "reforço" social para o seguimento e de "punição" social para o não seguimento de regra (Baum, 1999;Baron & Galizio, 1983;Catania, 1998;Cerutti, 1989;Chase & Danforth, 1991;Okoughi, 1999;Mallot, 1989;Skinner, 1969Skinner, , 1974Wulfert, Greenway, Farkas, Hayes, & Dougher, 1994;Zettle & Hayes, 1982). No entanto, não fi ca claro nessa afi rmação, se o que é considerado como efeitos de reforço ou punição social, deveria, ou não, ser considerado como efeitos de justifi cativas (como estímulos antecedentes constituintes de regras) ou como efeitos de consequências imediatas (como estímulos consequentes constituintes de contingências de reforço).…”

Section: Histórias Do Ouvinteunclassified

“…Considerando isso, regras com justifi cativas não deveriam ser classifi cadas apenas como estímu-los alteradores de função (Schlinger & Blakely, 1987), porque elas também podem evocar comportamento (Albuquerque, 2001). Tais regras também não deveriam ser classifi cadas apenas como estímulos discriminativos (Cerutti, 1989;Galizio, 1979;Okoughi, 1999;Skinner, 1969), nem como operações estabelecedoras (Malott, 1989), porque, diferente de regras com justificativas, estímulos discriminativos e operações estabelecedoras não determinam a topografi a do comportamento (Albuquerque, 2001;.…”

Section: Comparações Entre Estímulos Constituintes De Regras E De Conunclassified

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seleção do comportamento por justificativas constituintes de regras

Albuquerque¹,

Paracampo²

2017

Temas Psicol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoConsiderando que a distinção entre os efeitos de estímulos constituintes de regras e de contingências de reforço na determinação do comportamento não está clara, o presente estudo teve como objetivo tentar esclarecer essa distinção por meio da apresentação da teoria do Controle por Justifi cativas e por Consequências Imediatas (Teoria TJC). Essa teoria, baseada em resultados experimentais, é constituída dos seguintes conceitos, formulados em estudos prévios: Propriedade formal de estímulos verbais; regras; comportamento; ambiente social; ambiente social verbal; ambiente social não verbal; consequências imediatas; consequências futuras; justifi cativas; justifi cativas dos Tipos 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5; aprovação ou desaprovação por justifi cativas e por consequências imediatas; regras com e sem justifi cativas relatadas; eventos futuros passíveis e não passíveis de serem contatados; e, histórias do ouvinte de controle: (a) por consequências imediatas diferenciais, (b) por justifi cativas diferenciais, e (c) pela interação entre justifi cativas e consequências imediatas diferenciais, para seguir e para não seguir regra. A Teoria postula o estabelecimento de limites entre o que deve ser atribuído a funções de estímulos constituintes de regras e entre o que deve ser atribuído a funções de estímulos constituintes de contingências de reforço. Postula também que justifi cativas podem selecionar comportamento. Palavras-chave:Comportamento governado por regras, comportamento modelado por contingências de reforço, justifi cativas, consequências imediatas, teoria. Selection of Behavior by Justifi cations as Constituent of Rules AbstractConsidering that the distinction between the effects of stimuli that are constituent of rules and of reinforcement contingencies in the determination of behavior is not clear, this study attempts to clarify such a distinction by the presentation of the Theory of Control by Justifi cations and by Immediate Consequences (TJC Theory). This theory, grounded in experimental results, comprises the following concepts, as defi ned in previous studies: formal properties of verbal stimuli; rules; behavior; social environment; verbal social environment; nonverbal social environment; immediate consequences; justifi cations; justifi cation Types 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; approval or disapproval by justifi cation and by immediate consequences; rules with and without reported justifi cations; future events that may or may not be contacted; and control histories of the listener by (a) immediate differential consequences, (b) differential justifi cations, 1

show abstract

Instructions as Discriminative Stimuli

Cited by 35 publications

References 16 publications

Selection of Behavior by Justiﬁcations as Constituent of Rules

Selection of Behavior by Justiﬁcations as Constituent of Rules

Crossing the Crosswalk: How to Make a City Walk the Line

Seleção do comportamento por justificativas constituintes de regras

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About