Instability of p–i–n perovskite solar cells under reverse bias

Razera, Ricardo Augusto Zanotto; Jacobs, Daniel A.; Fu, Fan; Peter, F.; Dussouillez, Marion; Sahli, Florent; Yang, Terry Chien‐Jen; Ding, Laura; Walter, Arnaud; Feil, Adriano F.; Boudinov, H.; Nicolay, Sylvain; Ballif, Christophe; Jeangros, Quentin

doi:10.1039/c9ta12032g

Cited by 95 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“… 5 Compositions with x > 0.20 have been shown to suffer from halide segregation 6 during continuous light exposure 7 or applied bias. 8 As a result, low- and high-bandgap phases are formed, corresponding to iodide-rich and bromide-rich domains, respectively. 6 Halide migration affects the homogeneity of the bandgap required for many applications such as lighting and displays, and photogenerated charges transfer into the low-bandgap iodide-rich domains, where they recombine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Lattice Compression Increases the Activation Barrier for Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites

et al. 2020

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The bandgap tunability of mixed-halide perovskites makes them promising candidates for light-emitting diodes and tandem solar cells. However, illuminating mixed-halide perovskites results in the formation of segregated phases enriched in a single halide. This segregation occurs through ion migration, which is also observed in single-halide compositions, and whose control is thus essential to enhance the lifetime and stability. Using pressure-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy, we find that the formation rates of both iodide- and bromide-rich phases in MAPb(Br x I 1– x ) 3 reduce by 2 orders of magnitude on increasing the pressure to 0.3 GPa. We explain this reduction from a compression-induced increase of the activation energy for halide migration, which is supported by first-principle calculations. A similar mechanism occurs when the unit cell volume is reduced by incorporating a smaller cation. These findings reveal that stability with respect to halide segregation can be achieved either physically through compressive stress or chemically through compositional engineering.

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confidence: 99%

Lattice Compression Increases the Activation Barrier for Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites

et al. 2020

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“…The instability of perovskite top cell under long exposure to light, heat, electrical field, moisture or oxygen, etc., limits the stability of perovskite TSCs. [ 366 ] So far, numerous research efforts have been carried out to reveal the channels of instability in PSCs. To make PSCs suitable for long‐term outdoor applications, promising strategies have also been proposed.…”

Section: Challenges For Commercialization Of Perovskite Tscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 347,399–401 ] Several novel strategies have been incorporated to mitigate halide segregation. [ 366 ] A recent study shows that adding Cl into perovskite to form a triple halide composition significantly improves the stability against phase segregation under illumination, leading to enhancement in the open‐circuit voltage of PSCs with a 1.67 eV bandgap. [ 209 ] Similarly, Palmstrom et al.…”

Section: Challenges For Commercialization Of Perovskite Tscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite‐Based Tandem Photovoltaics

et al. 2020

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production have resulted in the reduction of production cost and has facilitated the growth of solar PV technology. [2-6] To make the PV technology more costcompetitive compared to other conventional sources of energy and to further fuel its rapid deployment, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of a PV system needs to be reduced. In a PV system, apart from PV modules, other constituent components such as mounting unit, wiring, inverters, and battery storage constitute about 55% of the total cost. [7,8] These components are generally referred to as the balance of system (BOS). The BOS cost scales proportionally with the area of solar panel installation. An ideal way to reduce the LCOE is by increasing the efficiency of the PV modules. [8] The efficiency of well-established solar cell technologies (Figure 1) such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) are progressing toward the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit, leaving limited room for further improvement in their performance. The thermalization and non-absorption losses incurred in these solar cells mainly restrict their spectral utilization and, consequently, their performance. However, the thermalization losses incurred in single-junction solar cells can be mitigated by combining a wide-bandgap cell with a lowbandgap cell in a multijunction solar cell design, which possesses the ability to achieve efficiencies that surpass the S-Q limit of single-junction solar cells. The practical implementation of multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) utilizing III-V materials have achieved great success in the past. [9] Under 1 sun illumination, LG Electronics and Sharp Corporation have demonstrated monolithic two-terminal MJSC devices using 2-junction (InGaP/GaAs) and 3-junction (InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs) absorber layers to attain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 32.8% [10] and 37.8% [11] respectively. In 2013, Spectrolab utilized a direct bonding technique to grow a lattice-matched 5-junction monolithic MJSC device and demonstrated an efficiency of 38.8% under 1 sun illumination. [12] Very recently, NREL developed a 6-junction monolithic MJSC device to demonstrate a PCE of 39.2% under 1 sun illumination. [13] Despite achieving efficiencies beyond the S-Q limit of singlejunction solar cells, the deployment of III-V MJSCs is limited to space applications due to their high manufacturing cost coupled with slow and complicated fabrication procedures. [14] Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous attention due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and potential for low-cost manufacturing. Their wide and tunable bandgap makes perovskites an ideal candidate for tandem solar cells (TSCs) with well-established narrow bandgap photovoltaic technologies, such as crystalline silicon and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 , to boost the PCEs beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit at affordable additional cost. Although perovskite-based TSCs have shown rapid progress over the past few years, they are far from reaching the...

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“…Photovoltaic modules may show hot spots and exhibit PID in module connections, mainly due to high voltage and the resulting leakage current. [192][193][194] If the interlayer is damaged or broken over a potential, the whole device becomes inferior to a single structured solar cell. Therefore, interlayer stability is very important for maintaining the performance of tandem solar cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems

Park

Lee

et al. 2020

Advanced Materials

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larger acceptance owing to their decreasing cost. However, Si cells feature power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) close to the maximum practically achievable value (29.4% for crystalline Si solar cells), which makes it difficult to further reduce the levelized cost of electricity by decreasing the power output-to-cost ratio. [7,8] The most straightforward solution to this problem is to hybridize multiple semiconductor layers in a tandem architecture for absorbing the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum using different solar cell technologies. [9-12] As proven by a theoretical tandem cell efficiency of ≈46%, [13] Si solar cells with a bandgap of 1.1 eV have been regarded as potential bottom subcells of hybrid tandems, additionally offering the benefits of mass production suitability owing to well-organized production lines and global supply chains. [13,14] However, Sibased hybrid tandem solar cells configured with cost-effective solar cell technologies, including dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) and organic photovoltaics (OPV), have far lower efficiencies than single-junction Si solar cells, predominantly because of the insufficient compatibility of the employed materials with Si solar cells. [15-19] Metal halide perovskite-based solar cells have attracted significant attention in recent years because of their potential to be processed at low cost, high efficiencies, excellent optoelectronic properties, and tunable bandgap. They have therefore considered as prospective components of hybrid tandems. [20] Previous studies on the fundamental working principle of the hydrogenated amorphous Si (a-Si:H)/a-Si:H tandem and related validation by empirical investigations show the feasibility of combining different solar cell technologies, [6,21-23] as exemplified by the pairing of high-bandgap perovskite subcells with low-bandgap Si subcells or the assembly of dual perovskitebased tandem solar cells exploiting perovskite bandgap tunability. [14,24-26] To date, considerable effort has been directed at the development of wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs) (1.65-1.8 eV) for hybrid tandem applications, [27,28] and remarkable progress (i.e., a high open-circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.31 V with a wide bandgap of 1.72 eV (>90% of the Shockley-Queisser limit)) has been achieved. [29] Currently, researchers aim to realize perovskite-based hybrid tandem solar cells with PCEs of 30%. Nonetheless, considerable electrical property and fabrication process adjustments are required to integrate singlejunction perovskites into the hybrid tandem architecture. The introduction of an intermediate layer to bridge different solar Hybrid tandem solar cells offer the benefits of low cost and full solar spectrum utilization. Among the hybrid tandem structures explored to date, the most popular ones have four (simple stacking design) or two (terminal/tunneling layer addition design) terminal electrodes. Although the latter design is more cost-effective than the former, its widespread application is hindered by the difficulty of preparing...

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Instability of p–i–n perovskite solar cells under reverse bias

Abstract: The mechanisms controlling the degradation of p–i–n perovskite solar cells in reverse bias are identified using various optoelectronic and microstructural characterization techniques.

Cited by 95 publications

References 28 publications

Lattice Compression Increases the Activation Barrier for Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites

Lattice Compression Increases the Activation Barrier for Phase Segregation in Mixed-Halide Perovskites

Near‐Infrared‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cells and Perovskite‐Based Tandem Photovoltaics

Recent Progress in Interconnection Layer for Hybrid Photovoltaic Tandems

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