production have resulted in the reduction of production cost and has facilitated the growth of solar PV technology. [2-6] To make the PV technology more costcompetitive compared to other conventional sources of energy and to further fuel its rapid deployment, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of a PV system needs to be reduced. In a PV system, apart from PV modules, other constituent components such as mounting unit, wiring, inverters, and battery storage constitute about 55% of the total cost. [7,8] These components are generally referred to as the balance of system (BOS). The BOS cost scales proportionally with the area of solar panel installation. An ideal way to reduce the LCOE is by increasing the efficiency of the PV modules. [8] The efficiency of well-established solar cell technologies (Figure 1) such as crystalline silicon (c-Si), gallium arsenide (GaAs) and copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) are progressing toward the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit, leaving limited room for further improvement in their performance. The thermalization and non-absorption losses incurred in these solar cells mainly restrict their spectral utilization and, consequently, their performance. However, the thermalization losses incurred in single-junction solar cells can be mitigated by combining a wide-bandgap cell with a lowbandgap cell in a multijunction solar cell design, which possesses the ability to achieve efficiencies that surpass the S-Q limit of single-junction solar cells. The practical implementation of multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) utilizing III-V materials have achieved great success in the past. [9] Under 1 sun illumination, LG Electronics and Sharp Corporation have demonstrated monolithic two-terminal MJSC devices using 2-junction (InGaP/GaAs) and 3-junction (InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs) absorber layers to attain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 32.8% [10] and 37.8% [11] respectively. In 2013, Spectrolab utilized a direct bonding technique to grow a lattice-matched 5-junction monolithic MJSC device and demonstrated an efficiency of 38.8% under 1 sun illumination. [12] Very recently, NREL developed a 6-junction monolithic MJSC device to demonstrate a PCE of 39.2% under 1 sun illumination. [13] Despite achieving efficiencies beyond the S-Q limit of singlejunction solar cells, the deployment of III-V MJSCs is limited to space applications due to their high manufacturing cost coupled with slow and complicated fabrication procedures. [14] Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous attention due to their high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) and potential for low-cost manufacturing. Their wide and tunable bandgap makes perovskites an ideal candidate for tandem solar cells (TSCs) with well-established narrow bandgap photovoltaic technologies, such as crystalline silicon and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 , to boost the PCEs beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit at affordable additional cost. Although perovskite-based TSCs have shown rapid progress over the past few years, they are far from reaching the...
Among various types of perovskite‐based tandem solar cells (TSCs), all‐perovskite TSCs are of particular attractiveness for building‐ and vehicle‐integrated photovoltaics, or space energy areas as they can be fabricated on flexible and lightweight substrates with a very high power‐to‐weight ratio. However, the efficiency of flexible all‐perovskite tandems is lagging far behind their rigid counterparts primarily due to the challenges in developing efficient wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells on the flexible substrates as well as their low open‐circuit voltage (VOC). Here, it is reported that the use of self‐assembled monolayers as hole‐selective contact effectively suppresses the interfacial recombination and allows the subsequent uniform growth of a 1.77 eV WBG perovskite with superior optoelectronic quality. In addition, a postdeposition treatment with 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride is employed to further suppress the bulk and interfacial recombination, boosting the VOC of the WBG top cell to 1.29 V. Based on this, the first proof‐of‐concept four‐terminal all‐perovskite flexible TSC with a power conversion efficiency of 22.6% is presented. When integrating into two‐terminal flexible tandems, 23.8% flexible all‐perovskite TSCs with a superior VOC of 2.1 V is achieved, which is on par with the VOC reported on the 28% all‐perovskite tandems grown on the rigid substrate.
Tin fluoride (SnF 2 ) is an indispensable additive for high-efficiency Pb-Sn perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the spatial distribution of SnF 2 in the perovskite absorber is seldom investigated while essential for a comprehensive understanding of the exact role of the SnF 2 additive. Herein, we revealed the spatial distribution of the SnF 2 additive and made structure-optoelectronic properties-flexible photovoltaic performance correlation. We observed the chemical transformation of SnF 2 to a fluorinated oxyphase on the Pb-Sn perovskite film surface due to its rapid oxidation. In addition, at the buried perovskite interface, we detected and visualized the accumulation of F − ions. We found that the photoluminescence quantum yield of Pb-Sn perovskite reached the highest value with 10 mol % SnF 2 in the precursor solution. When integrating the optimized absorber in flexible devices, we obtained the flexible Pb-Sn perovskite narrow bandgap (1.24 eV) solar cells with an efficiency of 18.5% and demonstrated 23.1% efficient flexible four-terminal all-perovskite tandem cells.
Perovskite Solar Cells In article number 2202438, Cong Chen, Dewei Zhao, Fan Fu, and co‐workers report 15.1% flexible near‐infrared transparent wide‐bandgap (1.77 eV) perovskite solar cells with a low open‐circuit voltage–deficit of 480 mV. When paired with flexible, narrow‐bandgap (1.24 eV) perovskite solar cells, they demonstrate a 23.8% flexible all‐perovskite tandem solar cell with a superior open‐circuit voltage of 2.1 V.
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