Insights Into Insect Vector Transmission and Epidemiology of Plant-Infecting Fijiviruses

Abstract

Viruses in genus Fijivirus (family Reoviridae) have caused serious damage to rice, maize and sugarcane in American, Asian, European and Oceanian countries, where seven plant-infecting and two insect-specific viruses have been reported. Because the planthopper vectors are the only means of virus spread in nature, their migration and efficient transmission of these viruses among different crops or gramineous weeds in a persistent propagative manner are obligatory for virus epidemics. Understanding the mechanisms of virus transmission by these insect vectors is thus key for managing the spread of virus. This review describes current understandings of main fijiviruses and their insect vectors, transmission characteristics, effects of viruses on the behavior and physiology of vector insects, molecular transmission mechanisms. The relationships among transmission, virus epidemics and management are also discussed. To better understand fijivirus-plant disease system, research needs to focus on the complex interactions among the virus, insect vector, insect microbes, and plants.

Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases CYP6AY3 and CYP6CW1 Regulate Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus Replication in Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)

“…The midgut in an insect vector is an infection barrier and the salivary gland is a release barrier for the persistent virus transmitted by the insect [ 16 ]. The different expression patterns of CYP6CW1 and CYP6AY3 suggest they have different roles during virus infection in insects.…”

“…Rice black-streaked dwarf virus is one of the important viruses transmitted by L. striatellus . It is the causal agent of rice black-streaked dwarf and maize rough dwarf disease, which cause considerable yield losses in East Asia [ 16 ]. RBSDV belongs to the genus Fijivirus of the family Reoviridae .…”

Mechanisms of Cell Entry by dsRNA Viruses: Insights for Efficient Delivery of dsRNA and Tools for Improved RNAi-Based Pest Control

“…Unfortunately, no structures were determined for virions of the Fijivirus genus but their two-layered organization could be constructed after treatment of purified virions with chemicals that remove the outer layers ( Isogai et al, 1998 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). Thus, core particles of RBSDV consist of an inner shell (assembled by P2 protein, 141 kDa) and turrets (“B-spikes” composed of P3, 132 kDa) while no “clamps” were reported (P8 (68 kDa) is mentioned as minor core protein; Zhang et al, 2021 ). The outer layer contains trimers of P10 (63 kDa) and “A-spikes” (P4, 136 kDa).…”

RNA N6‐methyladenosine modification suppresses replication of rice black streaked dwarf virus and is associated with virus persistence in its insect vector

“…Since RBSDV was first identified in Japan in 1952 (Kuribayashi & Shinkai, 1952 ), it has caused serious yield losses of rice and maize in East Asian countries, including several major outbreaks in China, Japan, and South Korea (Hibino, 1996 ; Wu et al, 2020 ). In nature, higher population densities of viruliferous SBPHs have largely contributed to RBSDV epidemics in rice and maize fields, especially at early stages of crop development (Chen & Zhang, 2005 ; Zhang, Wu, et al, 2021 ). At present, the best economical and effective method for managing RBSDV‐induced diseases is controlling vector insects due to the lack of disease‐resistant plant varieties.…”