Inshoring: The geographic fragmentation of production and inequality

Liao, Wen‐Chi

doi:10.1016/j.jue.2012.01.001

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Unfortunately, the terminology in this area has not yet been standardised. Although “backshoring” is the term most commonly used to describe the relocation to the national territory of production activities previously outsourced abroad, terms such as “return relocation” (Jungnickel, ), “in‐shoring” (Dholakia, Kompella, & Hales, ; Liao, ; Skipper, ), “reshoring” (Gray et al, ), and back‐reshoring (Fratocchi, Di Mauro, Barbieri, Nassimbeni, & Zanoni, ) also exist, although the last one is broader. It is worth noting that “nearshoring” is also used when referring to offshoring to geographically close countries (i.e., considering this relocation from the point of view of the sending country), as in Eurofound ().…”

Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backshoring and nearshoring: An overview

Piatanesi

Arauzo‐Carod

2019

Growth and Change

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Increasingly, economies that have traditionally benefited from offshoring are losing some of their strategical advantages, with a consequent increase in backshoring by developed economies. This paper describes the phenomenon and tries to shed light on the current challenges, trends, and debates in the area, and on the main determinants of backshoring. A new phenomenon known as nearshoring is also analysed—this consists of relocating some previously offshored manufacturing activities so that they are now close to previous core locations, but not so close as to suffer from disagglomeration effects. This combines the advantages of offshoring and backshoring.

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Section: Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backshoring and nearshoring: An overview

Piatanesi

Arauzo‐Carod

2019

Growth and Change

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“…Third, higher labor and land costs in certain locations might cause a firm to fragment in order to lower their marginal costs. This has been the case with business service workers in the U.S. (Liao, 2012). These higher input costs could be driven by higher population growth, as in (Rossi-Hansberg et al, 2009), and/or by other factors such as an inelastic supply for office or residential space.…”

Section: Possible Causes and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…On one hand, both business service firms and business service workers in all types of firms have become more important in the last decades. On the other hand, this has probably caused more competition for office space and workers, promoting the reallocation of business service workers to smaller municipalities for cost saving reasons, as argued by Liao (2012). This re-allocation becomes easier under the presence of better communication technology.…”

Section: Labor Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The internal spatial organization of firms: Evidence from Denmark

Acosta

Lyngemark

2021

Journal of Urban Economics

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While multi-establishment firms are an important part of the economy, little is known about their spatial organization. In this article, we study how the location and the occupational composition of establishments within firms has changed during the last 36 years. Using Danish administrative employer-employee data, we present a series of stylized facts regarding the spatial internal organization of firms. We show that the average number of establishments at the firm level increased by 36% during this period. Moreover, the average distance of the establishments and workers to their headquarters has increased by more than 200%. These changes are mainly driven by increases in the average distance of production workers and business service workers, and a higher use of the latter. Finally, we show that the ratio of managers to production and clerical workers within firms has increased, in particular in establishments located in the largest urban municipalities. After presenting the facts, we briefly discuss some of the mechanisms that could be behind these changes.

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“…Reshoring [12], Local outsourcing [18], Inshoring [19], Domestic sourcing [20], Near-reshoring [21], Localization [22] Hybrid…”

Section: Domesticmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Framework for Mitigating Excessive Transportation in the Context of Manufacturing Localization

Eryarsoy

Nalcioglu²,

Kılıç

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst.

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While the zeitgeist of today prescribes localization as a key to eliminate the excessive transportation for manufacturing firms, firm-level practical and workable guidelines that go beyond maxims are scant. Laden with analytical methods, this paper offers a phronetic, customizable framework based on Lean Six Sigma (LSS). The framework mimics Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) process. The early phases of the framework, ex-ante, prescribe the use of a variety tools and techniques from Lean Six sigma (LSS) and employ fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) to extract the vital few root-causes that may impede localization. The latter phases suggest the use of design of experiments (DOE) to evaluate the root-causes, ex-post. The paper outlines a clear and established procedure and demonstrates each analytical phase using evidence from a twoyear real-world application in steel industry.

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Inshoring: The geographic fragmentation of production and inequality

Cited by 24 publications

References 60 publications

Backshoring and nearshoring: An overview

Backshoring and nearshoring: An overview

The internal spatial organization of firms: Evidence from Denmark

A Framework for Mitigating Excessive Transportation in the Context of Manufacturing Localization

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