Innovative Principles of Selection of Valuable Genotypes in the System of Competitive Strain Testing

Abstract

Radical changes in the climate of planet and the transition of Ukrainian economy to digital format require the use of modern technologies in the field of plant selection. In the conditions of fast-changing ecological and economical situations search and realization of express-methods of creation of varieties of different directions of economic use is recognized as expedient. Establishing the possibility of using the latest IT- technologies in the study of biological processes, including the conformities with the established laws and principles of artificial microevolution due to the accelerated development of these specialized software platforms, is relevant. It is determined that the classical method of analysis of variance, due to its linearity, does not allow to distinguish the component of IGE (interaction “genotype-environment”) from the general system of modification variability. Instead, the reflection of the productive system of competitive strain testing in the form of phase-parametric portraits on time series of test years allows establishing the component of IGE as an important element that determines the epigenetic-adaptive properties of the phenotype. The innovativeness of approaches consists in the transition from additive mathematical models to additive-multiplicative models. The main result of research is the formation of new approaches that will select the breeding numbers with a synergistically optimized combination of adaptive-productive properties identified in the process of ontogenetic development and deep phenotyping of plants. On the platform of the received experimental data new conceptual approaches to change of a paradigm of selection are developed. In particular, the classical methodology, selection scheme and staging of the classical genetic experiment in the system of diallel crosses in order to obtain differentiated variances assume that the actual selection takes place on the basis of splitting generations, that is on a phylogenetic and population basis. In the system of phase-parametric portraits of selection samples in the competitive strain testing of different years in various combinations of interactions “genotype-environment” patterns of trajectories of maximum parameters of productivity of number Hybrid 2 in all years of testing (lim 574-842; xaverage = 713 g/m2) are allocated. In the system of phase portraits of component features, the peculiarities of the interaction of component features according to the type of pattern formation (trajectory thickenings) are highlighted. In particular, the portraits show three types of interactions, including anisotropic robust ejections (for efficient selection by discreteness), bifurcation states (for selection by direction of practical use) and patterns of trajectory concentrations (for selection of stabilized clusters). An innovative method of analysis of the experimental digital matrix of competitive strain testing as an evolutionary dynamic system on the trajectories of development of phase-parametric portraits is proposed. The possibility of differentiation of selection samples on the interpopulation level at identification of valuable genotypes by phenotype in the innovative system of analysis of phase-parametric portraits which will allow purposefully and effectively to use adequate types of selection is proved.

Occurrence of cytogenetic effects under the action of epimutagen in winter wheat

“…Statistical analysis of the results was conducted in Statistica 10.0 (TIBCO, Palo Alto, USA). Values in the tables are given as x ± SD (mean ± standard deviation) (Chernysky & Gumentyk, 2020). The differences between the selections were determined using single-factor dispersion analysis (ANOVA) and were considered reliable at Р < 0.05.…”

“…It is believed that the main factors influencing the dependence of the reaction on the action of the mutagen are the difference in the genotype of the original form, the size of the chromosomes, the activity of the repair systems, and the duration of the mitotic cycle (Shu et al, 2013). Also, the genetic activity in cereals literally changes several times depending on the presence of appropriate genetic resistance systems, of which only a few basic ones are known at the present time (Chernysky & Gumentyk, 2020;Gumentyk et al, 2020).…”

Winter wheat cytogenetic variability under the action of a chemical supermutagen

“…Statistical analysis of the results was conducted in Statistica 10.0 (TIBCO, Palo Alto, USA). Values in the tables are given as x ± SD (mean ± standard deviation) (Chernysky & Gumentyk, 2020). The differences between the selections were determined using the single-factor dispersion analysis (ANOVA) and were considered significant at Р < 0.05.…”

Genotype-mutagenic interaction in the cytogenetic variability of winter wheat for a new ecogenetic factor

“…Of particular importance in this case are the subjects of mutagenic effects, primarily for chemicals, since the features of the genotype also lead to features in damage to the corresponding DNA sections, a change in the location of the main mutable sites, and the transition of sites from mutability to stability (Von Well et al, 2023b). Optimal compositions of the genotype and concentration of a certain mutagen contribute to obtaining exactly the required type of changes (Chernysky & Gumentyk, 2020) with a high frequency, eliminating the associated negative changes, and maximizing the potential for improving individual traits and properties (Aly et al, 2019).…”