Innovation of a New Virus-Like Nanoparticle Vaccine System for the Specific Aerosol Relative Disease

Abstract

Human spend a lot of time indoors and indoor air quality (IAQ) has a great effect on quality of life in humans. Traditionally, bioaerosol in IAQs is focused on bacteria and fungus. Airborne viruses, particularly for the nanoparticletype virus, on the bioaerosol particulates are associated with the quality of human health in indoor environment. We establish the human like animal model, like pig, for testing the efficacy of the nano virus like particle (VLP) vaccine for aerosol relative disease. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which is an airborne and a droplet infection virus coated on the small size of bioaerosol, carries a major infectious disease in the pig raising industry worldwide. There are commercial vaccines including attenuated and inactivated vaccines available, but their efficacy remains to be improved. VLP represents safe and effective vaccine platforms based on nano-technology. The fusion protein of capsid protein (Cap) from the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and the glycoprotein 5 (GP5) from PRRSV were expressed by E. coli system. The fusion protein self-assembled with the GP5 to become a VLP nanoparticle. For testing, BALB/c mice were immunized with 10 µg of chimeric VLP nanoparticle once, which induced neutralization by antibody responses to PRRSV. The VLP nanoparticle vaccine induced high T cell proliferation, not evident in commercial vaccines tested on mice. Our results suggest that the cheaper VLP-based nanoparticle is a possibly viable approach model for specific airborne-relative-diseases human vaccine in the future.

Preparation and Characteristic of Antibacterial Facemasks with Chinese Herbal Microcapsules

“…Bioaerosols generated from airborne particles of biological origin include fungi, bacteria, viruses, and fragments of the foregoing or their metabolic products (e.g., endotoxins, mycotoxins) (Chow et al, 2015;Walser et al, 2015;Chen et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2016;Lal et al, 2017). Environmental health studies have indicated that constant exposure to bioaerosols containing high concentrations of bacteria can lead to respiratory diseases including allergies, infections, and other adverse health effect (Bünger et al, 2007;Lu et al, 2016;Mirhoseini et al, 2016).…”

Vaccines based on virus-like nano-particles for use against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus

“…The high mortality of MERS-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was ≈35%, led the World Health Organization to the conclusion that employing effective countermeasures like vaccination were needed to reduce MERS-CoV epidemic impact [5] , [6] . In vaccine production, a major limiting factor in designing comprehensive delivery systems for aerosol transmissible diseases is the enhancement of efficacy and easy vaccine administration [1] , [7] . Extensive information on transmission, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of MERS-CoV is needed in both humans and animals to facilitate the development of a new vaccine [8] .…”