Initiation of surface graft polymerization by ceric ions on polymer microspheres

Abstract

ABSTRACT:The surface graft polymerization of acrylamide on poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) copolymer microspheres by the initiation of ceric ions was studied. The grafting was verified by IR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. The resultant microspheres with surface-grafted polymer chains were employed in the preparation of polymer-microsphere-supported palladium composite particles. The composite particles were then studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

Graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto macroporous polyacrylamide gel (cryogel) initiated by potassium diperiodatocuprate

“…Some un-grafted polymer is also formed in solution during the reaction decreasing the grafting efficiency. Using Ce(IV) as initiator is a widely used approach for graft polymerization of various vinyl monomers onto hydrogels containing hydroxyl or epoxy groups [19][20][21][22][23]. The density of hydroxyl groups on the support surface and the amount of catalyst used determine the density of the grafting.…”

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate Initiated Grafting of PEG to Plasma Polymers for Cell‐Resistant Surfaces

“…Surface grafting has been one of the most useful and effective methods of functionalising surfaces for many years 22. Ceric ions have long been used to initiate graft polymerisation of numerous monomers onto assorted substrates; these most commonly include a synthetic polymer grafted onto a natural polysaccharide e. g. polyacrylamide onto guar gum 22–25. Ceric ion initiation has also been used to create poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide)/PEG block copolymer micelles with the hydroxyl groups from the PEG acting as the co‐initiator 26, 27.…”

“…The level of grafting or “graft yield” has been shown to be dependant upon concentration of initiator, concentration of monomer and reaction time 25. A pre‐requisite for surface grafting with ceric ions is the presence on the surface of functional groups such as hydroxyl or cyano groups 24. To generate such groups we have employed plasma polymerisation of alcohol‐containing monomers.…”