Initial stages of plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium

Teh, T.H; Berkani, A.; Mato, S.; Skeldon, P.; Thompson, G.E.; Habazaki, H.; Shimizu, K.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(03)00101-x

Cited by 122 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Craters' dimension varies from 200 nm to 2À3 mm À the longer the sparking process, the bigger the mean crater size À and can be round-shaped, ellipsoidal or irregular, with elongated shapes, as shown in the examples of Figure 4 (data unpublished). [22,23] A nonnegligible coarse porosity, up to tens of micrometres, is also observed along the whole oxide thickness, usually associated with gas evolution on TiO 2 crystal domains formed in the oxide due to the rapid ionisation and quenching. Porosity can be either functional to the coating (e.g.…”

Section: High-voltage Anodising: Anodic Spark Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Application-wise nanostructuring of anodic films on titanium: a review

Diamanti

Ormellese

Pedeferri

2015

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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Section: High-voltage Anodising: Anodic Spark Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This extensive crystallisation is generally ascribed to compressive stresses arising from electrostriction, exerted by the electric field within the film and typically higher than 10 6 V/cm 2 . [19,23] …”

Section: High-voltage Anodising: Anodic Spark Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application-wise nanostructuring of anodic films on titanium: a review

Diamanti

Ormellese

Pedeferri

2015

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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“…It has to be also pointed that the surfaces which may be used as biomaterials should be treated additionally by several methods to improve their osseointegration. To prepare the nano-layers with expected chemical composition and mechanical properties, the electropolishing (EP) [1], magnetoelectropolishing (MEP) [2], and high-current density electropolishing (HDEP) [3] processes are employed, while for obtaining the micro scale layers, the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known also as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) [4][5][6], should be used. That method may be used to oxidize inter alia the titanium [7][8][9][10], its alloys (Ti6Al4V [11][12], Ti6Al7Nb [13], NiTi [14], TiNbZr [15], TiNbZrSn [16]) as well as niobium [18] and tantalum [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and characterisation of porous, calcium enriched coatings on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation under DC regime

Rokosz

Hryniewicz

Pietrzak

et al. 2017

Advances in Materials Science

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The purpose of this work is to produce and characterize (chemical composition and roughness parameters) porous coatings enriched in calcium and phosphorus on the titanium (CP Titanium Grade 2) by plasma electrolytic oxidation. As an electrolyte, a mixture of phosphoric acid H 3 PO 4 and calcium nitrate Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O was used. Based on obtained EDS and roughness results of PEO coatings, the effect of PEO voltages on the chemical composition and surface roughness of porous coatings was determined. With voltage increasing from 450 V to 650 V, the calcium in PEO coatings obtained in freshly prepared electrolyte was also found to increase. In addition, the Ca/P ratio increased linearly with voltage increasing according to the formula Ca/P = 0.035·U+0.176 (by wt%) and Ca/P = 0.03·U+0.13 (by at%). It was also noticed that the surface roughness increases with the voltage increasing, what is related to the change in coating porosity, i.e. the higher is the surface roughness, the bigger are pores sizes obtained.

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“…Recently, spark anodizing, often also referred to as plasma electrolytic oxidation [7], anodic oxidation by spark discharge [8][9][10], anodic spark deposition [11] and micro-arc oxidation, has been attracted increased attention to improve surface properties, including corrosion, friction and biocompatibility, of titanium alloys [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Sparking proceeds during anodizing due to dielectric breakdown of the anodic oxide at high voltages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spark anodizing of β-Ti alloy for wear-resistant coating

Habazaki

Onodera

Fushimi

et al. 2007

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Spark anodizing of a bcc solid solution Ti-15% V-3% Al-3% Cr-3% Sn alloy has been performed in an alkaline electrolyte containing aluminate and phosphate using dc-biased ac anodizing to form a wear-resistant coating on the alloy. The coating consists mainly of Al 2 TiO 5 , with rutile and γ-Al 2 O 3 being present as minor oxide phases. Depth profiles of the coating, examined by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy, have revealed that aluminium species, highly enriched in the coating, distribute uniformly in the coating, while phosphorus species, incorporated from the electrolyte, are located mainly in the inner part of the coating near to the coating/alloy interface. The location of the phosphorus species should be associated with porous nature of the coating, allowing access of the electrolyte directly to the inner parts of the coating. The porosity of the coating is reduced by anodizing to high voltages. The marked improvement of the wear resistance by the coating has been demonstrated from a pin-on-disc wear test.

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Initial stages of plasma electrolytic oxidation of titanium

Cited by 122 publications

References 17 publications

Application-wise nanostructuring of anodic films on titanium: a review

Application-wise nanostructuring of anodic films on titanium: a review

Fabrication and characterisation of porous, calcium enriched coatings on titanium after plasma electrolytic oxidation under DC regime

Spark anodizing of β-Ti alloy for wear-resistant coating

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