Initial Findings on Skid Resistance of Unpaved Roads

Lea, Jeremy; Jones, David

doi:10.3141/2016-06

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Lea (5) was thus an initial investigation into the skid resistance of gravel roads during braking, with the aim of determining ranges of expected coefficients of friction and determining what, if any, material or surfacing properties affected the measured skid resistance of a section. The effects of moisture and vehicle speed also were investigated.…”

Section: Initial Findings On Skid Resistance Of Unpaved Roadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Findings on Skid Resistance of Unpaved Roads

Lea

Jones

2007

Transportation Research Record

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Unpaved roads have a dynamic surface, which can make it difficult to predict the skid resistance of a section for use in geometric design and gravel selection and to schedule maintenance. This investigation showed that there are three mechanisms for skidding on unpaved roads: intersurface friction, sliding on a thin layer of loose material, and plowing through a thick layer of loose material. The main surface and material properties affecting skid resistance are the stoniness severity and extent, the severity and extent of raveling, and the amount of loose material in the 0.850-mm to 2.00-mm range on the surface. The range of coefficients of friction for unpaved roads is from 0.40 to 0.85, with the lower value being conservative.

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Section: Initial Findings On Skid Resistance Of Unpaved Roadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Findings on Skid Resistance of Unpaved Roads

Lea

Jones

2007

Transportation Research Record

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“…The plowing component is the interaction of a tire moving through a thick layer of loose material. While Lea and Jones (2007) give various drag relationships with the above three factors, they are not statistically significant enough to provide reliable skid resistance measurements. Further work is needed to confidently write the skid resistance on soil surfaces.…”

Section: Friction On Unpaved Soil Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A preliminary look at the skid resistance on soil surfaces was later conducted by (Lea and Jones 2007) and found that the skid resistance on a soil surface depends on three key factors: inter-surface friction, sliding, and plowing. The inter-surface friction component is the familiar interaction of a tire with a rigid surface in which the surface texture is the dominant factor.…”

Section: Friction On Unpaved Soil Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of deceleration-based runway friction measurement methods

Ward¹,

Rutland²,

Tingle³

2019

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Runway surface friction is a critical safety concern on all airfields; however, current friction measurement equipment is expensive. Airfield managers have identified a need for contingency friction assessment tools that are cost-effective and commonly found. The current Air Force standard for pavement friction measurement is a high-speed continuous friction measuring equipment (CFME) device, the Findley Irvine GripTester. Operation of the GripTester is both labor-intensive and cost-prohibitive. This report details the development of an alternative, more economical measure of a surface's frictional characteristics using accelerometers. Accelerometers were standard friction assessment tools in the late 20 th century before CFMEs became standard practice. Accelerometer-based friction testers measure the peak deceleration of a vehicle during the braking motion. The vehicle's deceleration is proportional to the surface's friction coefficient. This report documents research conducted to evaluate the use of smartphone accelerometers and vehicle engine control units (ECUs) having sufficient accuracy and precision to function as decelerationbased friction assessment tools. Findings herein show that smartphone accelerometers, given sufficient experimental controls, can operate as deceleration-based friction assessment tools. This report also details unsuccessful attempts to extract usable deceleration data from vehicle ECUs and the potential future of such efforts. Regressions are presented that show correlation between smartphone deceleration measurements and highspeed GripTester measurements.

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“…All these models have traffic volume, plasticity index, various components of the particle size distribution, curvature, grade, and rainfall or season as input variables. In addition, models to predict shape and slope loss (17) and to estimate friction (18,19) were developed, while relationships to predict dust are also available (20).…”

Section: Relevant Properties Of Unsealed Roadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Application of Sustainability Models for Unsealed Road Pavements

Wijk

Williams

Serati

2017

Transportation Research Record

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Sustainability is a priority for most transportation and road agencies. Its measurement has progressed from a narrow environmental focus to the assessment of social, environmental, and economic outcomes. Although sealed-road sustainability assessment measures are available, measures have not been developed for unsealed road pavements despite the large networks of unsealed roads in many countries. The objective of this study was to develop models to capture sustainability measures for unsealed road pavements. This was done by relating unsealed road pavement characteristics to social (accidents and surface friction), environmental (emissions, dust pollution, and loss of resources), and economic (vehicle operating, accident, travel time, and maintenance costs) sustainability outcomes. Existing unsealed road surface characteristic prediction relationships, information presented in life-cycle cost analyses, and emissions studies were used to develop these models for rural unsealed roads. The models that were developed can be used in conjunction with existing pavement performance prediction models in life-cycle assessments, comparison of wearing course types, review of maintenance strategies, climate change consequence predictions, overall network sustainability performance reviews, and in pavement management. This paper contains a brief description of the approach, presents the models developed, and provides a number of examples of the application of the models to produce sustainability outcomes. The applications show that the models can effectively be used to quantify and compare sustainability outcomes. The applications highlight the dominance of aspects such as aggregate hauling distance in sustainability outcomes and the limitations of cost–benefit assessment procedures in which carbon emissions are not considered.

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Initial Findings on Skid Resistance of Unpaved Roads

Cited by 11 publications

References 1 publication

Initial Findings on Skid Resistance of Unpaved Roads

Initial Findings on Skid Resistance of Unpaved Roads

Development of deceleration-based runway friction measurement methods

Development and Application of Sustainability Models for Unsealed Road Pavements

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