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Each year, hundreds of thousands of tons of industrial wastes are being stockpiled, landfilled, and disposed of in storages occupying large areas of land that would otherwise be available for productive use. Recycling of such wastes is now becoming of urgent global interest due to an increasing population, the rise in anthropogenic activities, and the need for more efficient resource and waste management systems.Among many wastes, the generation of glass is dramatically increasing, particularly in the municipal, industrial, and construction sectors. In civil engineering, in general, crushed waste glass has been mainly investigated as a substitute for sand and finegrained aggregate in concrete production. In geotechnical engineering, in particular, the application of glass wastes is mainly limited to road pavements or as an additive to different soils for subgrade improvement. While glass wastes are relatively inert and potentially offer several opportunities for recycling as a substitute for diminishing and increasingly expensive sand supplies, their potential use yet remains relatively under-researched. This paper systematically reviews the current status of knowledge on the use of glass wastes in various civil engineering applications and discusses the suitability assessment of waste glass for use as a sustainable alternative to traditional civil engineering materials. K E Y W O R D Saggregate, concrete, recycling, sand, waste glass, waste management

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Installing sand columns in clays is a common ground improvement technique used to treat soft soils, and the inclusion of geotextile to encase the sand column can further improve the performance of the reinforced clay composite. In this work, the shear strength and consolidation characteristics of clay, clay with an ordinary sand column (OSC) and clay with a geotextile encased sand column (GESC) were investigated by carrying out laboratory direct shear and oedometer tests to study the response of the reinforced clay composite under both lateral and vertical loading conditions. It was found that the OSC and GESC significantly increased the shear strength of the clay, mainly by improving the friction angle, with little impact on the apparent cohesion. Furthermore, the OSC and GESC reduced the compression index, swell index, and recompression index of the clay to some extent. The secondary compression indexes obtained from the reloading stage were lower than those from the initial loading stage, indicating that over-consolidated clay has a lower secondary compression index than normally consolidated clay. The coefficients of consolidation showed an upward trend as the effective consolidation stress increased. In addition, the compressibility and hydraulic conductivity tended to decrease with increasing effective consolidation stress.