Inhibitory potential of <i>Gossypium arboreum</i> leaf extracts on diabetes key enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase

Abstract

One of the antidiabetic therapeutic approaches is the reduction in gastrointestinal glucose production and absorption by inhibiting carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase. This present study evaluated the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the aqueous, ethanolic and acetone leaf extracts of Gossypium arboreum and to further determine the mode of inhibition of the enzymes using kinetic analysis. The aqueous and acetone extract exhibited potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 10.10 mg/mL and 2.75 mg/ mL respectively. These extracts are likely to contain non-competitive inhibitors of both enzymes with reduced Vmax values. The extracts were also found to contain phytochemicals such as tannins and steroids which may be responsible for the inhibitory effect. The results show that the aqueous and acetone extracts of G. arboreum leaf inhibited both α-amylase and α-glucosidase at relatively low concentrations and this could be the reason why the species is employed in the management of blood sugar related disorders by reasonable populations in Nigeria.

<i>In vitro</i> studies on the antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic potential of <i>Cephalaria gigantea</i>

“…Out of all the extracts tested, methanol leaf extract inhibited α-amylase best and so had the lowest IC50 while ethanol root extract also possessed the highest IC50. Since part of the drawbacks of synthetic antidiabetic agents like acarbose is due to the excessive inhibition of α-amylase, suitable alternatives should be mild inhibitor of the enzyme (Kazeem et al, 2013). Therefore, water or hydro-ethanol root extracts of the plant may be suitable agents as they possessed IC50 that doubles that of acarbose.…”

Observations on traditional usage of ethnomedicinal plants in humans and animals of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh in North-Western Himalaya, India

“…Cuts, wounds and bone fracture (Prajapati et (Sehgal and Sood, 2013;Xavier et al, 2014) Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and steroids (Kazeem et al, 2013) Halenia elliptica D. Don, Gentianaceae Hepatoprotective, anticancerous, cardiovascular, antidiabetic, digestion promoting, blood detoxificating, treat hepatobiliary diseases, xeransis and hepatitis B (Zhang et al, 2015) Xanthones, xanthone glycosides, chromones, flavonoids, secoiridoid glycosides and triterpenoid alkaloids (Bao et al, 2003) Heracleum lanatum Michx. *, Apiaceae Tonsillitis, leucoderma and psoriasis (RitchKrc et al, 1996;Sharma et al, 2010) Xanthotoxin (Sharma et al, 2010) Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.…”

<i>In vitro</l> study on the hypoglycemic potential of <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> leaf extracts

“…Drugs that reduce post-prandial hyperglycemia by suppressing hydrolysis of starch have been found useful in the control of diabetes mellitus (Tundis et al, 2010;Kazeem et al, 2013a). Many herbal extracts have been reported for their antidiabetic activities and are currently being used in traditional medicines for the treatment of diabetes.…”