Inhibitory Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on the Tonus of the Small Intestine and the Colon of Rabbits

Pilija, Vladimir; Radenković, Mirjana; Brenesel, Maja Djurendic; Popović, Mira; Ivetic, Vesna; Trivić, Svetlana

doi:10.3390/molecules15042079

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Our findings contrast with a previous study by Pilija et al (2010) who reported that that EGb 761 increased epilepsy-induced neuronal discharge in an animal model. Some studies in this field have examined n-vitro effects, while others have focused on vivo animal studies and human clinical and autopsy reports.…”

Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 99%

EGb 761 reduces Ca2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line

Ovey,

Ozsimsek,

Velioglu

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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BackgroundTransient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been found to have significant implications in neuronal outgrowth, survival, inflammatory neurogenic pain, and various epileptogenic processes. Moreover, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have a significant impact on epilepsy and its drug-resistant subtypes.ObjectiveWe postulated that EGb 761 would modulate TRPA1 channels, thereby exhibiting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a neuroblastoma cell line. Our rationale was to investigate the impact of EGb 761 in a controlled model of pentylenetetrazole-induced generalized epilepsy.MethodologyWe evaluated the neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of EGb 761 both before and after the pentylenetetrazole application in a neuroblastoma cell line. Specifically, we focused on the effects of EGB 761 on the activity of Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels.ResultsEGb 761 applications both before and after the pentylenetetrazole incubation period reduced Ca release and restored apoptosis, ROS changes, mitochondrial depolarization and caspase levels, suggesting a prominent prophylactic and therapeutic effect of EGb 761 in the pentylenetetrazole-induced epileptogenesis process.ConclusionOur basic mechanistic framework for elucidating the pathophysiological significance of fundamental ion mechanisms in a pentylenetetrazole treated neuroblastoma cell line provided compelling evidence for the favorable efficacy and safety profile of Egb 761 in human-relevant in vitro model of epilepsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the combined effects of EGb 761 and pentylenetetrazole on TRP channels and measure their activation level in a relevant model of human epileptic diseases.

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Section: Figurecontrasting

confidence: 99%

EGb 761 reduces Ca2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line

Ovey,

Ozsimsek,

Velioglu

et al. 2023

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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“…A previous study by Pilija et al. [9] reported that G. biloba increased epilepsy‐induced neuronal discharge in an animal model. Furthermore, there are a number of case reports of suspected adverse herb‐drug interactions between G. biloba extract and antiepileptic medications [10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Reversal of P‐glycoprotein overexpression by Ginkgo biloba extract in the brains of pentylenetetrazole‐kindled and phenytoin‐treated mice

Zhang

Fan

Chen

et al. 2015

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of Ginkgo biloba extract and phenytoin (PHT) sodium as a dose regimen simulating the clinical treatment of patients with epilepsy, on P-glycoprotein (P-GP) overexpression in a pentylenetetrazole-kindled mouse model of epilepsy. Epilepsy was induced by intraperitoneal administration of pentylenetetrazole (40 mg/kg) for 7 days followed by intragastric administration of PHT (40 mg/kg) for 14 days. Thirty mice that developed seizures were randomly divided into three groups and administered PHT as well as the following treatments: saline (negative control); verapamil (20 mg/kg, positive control); and G. biloba (30 mg/kg). Seizure severity was recorded 30 minutes after treatment on Day 4 of drug administration, after which the mice were euthanized, and their brains isolated. Western blots and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the expression of P-GP and caspase-3, respectively, in the brain tissue. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to measure the concentrations of PHT in the brains of the treated mice. After 4 consecutive days of treatment, the seizure severity in the mice in the G. biloba extract group was more significantly reduced than the seizure severity in the saline control group, and a significant difference was observed between the G. biloba extract and verapamil control groups (p < 0.05). P-GP expression in the brain more significantly decreased in the mice treated with G. biloba extract and verapamil than it did in the saline-treated control group (p < 0.05). Compared with the saline-treated control group, the mice treated with G. biloba extract and verapamil showed significantly increased brain PHT concentrations (p < 0.05). Furthermore, caspase-3 expression in the brain tissue of the G. biloba extract group was significantly lower than that in the vehicle control group (p < 0.05); this finding demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of G. biloba. Therefore, this study showed that treatment with G. biloba extract in combination with PHT prevented the upregulation of P-GP expression in mice. Moreover, G. biloba extract decreased seizure severity in pentylenetetrazole-kindled/PHT-treated mice through a mechanism that might be related to the reduction of P-GP expression in the brain.

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“…The enteric nervous system (brain-in-the-gut) is essential for normal motility of the small intestine [21]. It is known that extracts which affect the contractility of the intestine, have neurophysiological activity [22,23]. Also, cholinergic antagonists have been used to decrease intestinal motility [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antispasmodic Effect of Blackcurrant (<b><i>Ribes nigrum</i></b> L.) Juice and Its Potential Use as Functional Food in Gastrointestinal Disorders

et al. 2018

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relaxative effects of blackcurrant juice on the gastrointestinal smooth muscle in vitro. Materials and Methods: Berries of the blackcurrant cultivar Ometa were used for the preparation of the juice used. The spasmolytic activity of blackcurrant juice was tested on rat ileum isolated from male Wistar rats by monitoring its influence on spontaneous contractions, as well as contractions induced by potassium chloride (KCl), barium chloride (BaCl₂), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), and acetylcholine (Ach). The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation obtained in 6 measurements and statistical significance was determined by the Student t test, with p < 0.05 taken as significant. Results: The blackcurrant cultivar Ometa significantly reduced the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous contractions (57.94 ± 3.44%) and Ach-induced contractions (42.74 ± 5.36%; p < 0.05) of the isolated rat ileum. Cumulative concentrations (0.01–3 mg/mL) of the Ometa juice also reduced contractions of the isolated rat ileum stimulated by KCl (51.46 ± 6.87%), CaCl₂ (57.54 ± 6.47%), and BaCl₂ (58.54 ± 10.55%). The inhibitory effects of the juice were proportional to the applied concentration. Conclusion: The antispasmodic effect of Ometa cultivar shows that common gastrointestinal disorders could be treated by the functional food.

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Inhibitory Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on the Tonus of the Small Intestine and the Colon of Rabbits

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

EGb 761 reduces Ca2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line

EGb 761 reduces Ca2+ influx and apoptosis after pentylenetetrazole treatment in a neuroblastoma cell line

Reversal of P‐glycoprotein overexpression by Ginkgo biloba extract in the brains of pentylenetetrazole‐kindled and phenytoin‐treated mice

Antispasmodic Effect of Blackcurrant (<b><i>Ribes nigrum</i></b> L.) Juice and Its Potential Use as Functional Food in Gastrointestinal Disorders

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