Inhibitory deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are independent of basic processing efficiency and IQ

Bitsakou, Paraskevi; Psychogiou, Lamprini; Thompson, Margaret; Sonuga‐Barke, Edmund

doi:10.1007/s00702-007-0828-z

Cited by 49 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In parity with this result, Van der Meere et al (2005) found that only RT variability, but not inhibition or delay aversion, was associated with ADHD symptoms. Independent effects of inhibition, when controlling for RT variability, have however, been found in some previous studies (Bitsakou et al 2008, Klein et al 2006. Although the exact nature of the relation between state regulation and other neuropsychological constructs in the prediction of ADHD symptoms is far from clear, the little empirical evidence available suggests that RT variability represents an independent neuropsychological pathway rather than a more generalized cognitive deficit that underpins other neuropsychological impairments in children with ADHD (e.g., Sergeant 2000Sergeant , 2005.…”

Section: Multiple Neuropsychological Pathways In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 93%

Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains

Wåhlstedt

Thorell

Bohlin

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

213

163

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The aim of the present study was to investigate different neuropsychological impairments and comorbid behavioral problems in relation to symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), studying the independent effects of different functions as well as specific relations to symptoms of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. A community-based sample of school children (n = 182; the higher end of the ADHD symptom range was oversampled) completed neuropsychological tasks designed to measure executive function (EF), state regulation and delay aversion. Behavioral symptoms were measured through parental and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Both categorical and dimensional analyses were used to acquire a deeper understanding of ADHD. The results supported the notion that EF and state regulation constitute independent pathways to ADHD, primarily to symptoms of inattention. In addition, the present study points to the importance of viewing ADHD as a heterogeneous condition also with regard to the differential impact of neuropsychological functioning and comorbidity on different ADHD symptom groups and the two ADHD symptom domains.

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Section: Multiple Neuropsychological Pathways In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 93%

Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains

Wåhlstedt

Thorell

Bohlin

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

213

163

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“…1 These include executive dysfunction ((EDF 2 ) e.g, inhibitory 3 and working memory (WM 4 ) deficits), non-executive deficits (e.g. perception 5 ; memory 6 ; timing 7 ) and alterations in motivational processes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond the Dual Pathway Model: Evidence for the Dissociation of Timing, Inhibitory, and Delay-Related Impairments in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Sonuga‐Barke

Bitsakou

Thompson

2010

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

337

351

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Objectives: The dual pathway model explains neuro-psychological heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in terms of dissociable cognitive and motivational deficits each affecting some but not other patients. We explore whether deficits in temporal processing might constitute a third dissociable neuropsychological component of ADHD.Method: Nine tasks designed to tap three domains (inhibitory control, delay aversion and temporal processing) were administered to ADHD probands (n=71; ages 6 to 17 years), their siblings (n=71; 65 unaffected by ADHD) and a group of non-ADHD controls (n=50). IQ and working memory were measured. Results:Temporal processing, inhibitory control and delay-related deficits represented independent neuropsychological components. ADHD children differed from controls on all factors. For ADHD patients the co-occurrence of inhibitory, temporal processing and delay-related deficits was no greater than expected by chance with substantial groups of patients showing only one problem. Domain-specific patterns of familial co-segregation provided evidence for the validity of neuropsychological sub-groupings. Conclusion:The current results illustrate the neuropsychological heterogeneity in ADHD and initial support for a triple pathway model. The findings need to replicated in larger samples. preponderance of females controls (gender χ 2 (1) = 9.37, p < .01). Table 1 reports the background and clinical characteristics for the three groups. .

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“…In this sense the results are highly consistent with recent studies showing (i) only moderate diagnostic power of individual neuropsychological tests (Riccio & Reynolds, 2001;Romine et al, 2004), (ii) improved performance of multivariate models (Berlin et al, 2004;de Zeeuw, et al, 2008) and (iii) theoretical models that emphasize the neuropsychological heterogeneity of the condition and the possibility of multiple pathways between originating causes and disorder expression (Sonuga-Barke, 2002;2003;Nigg, 2006). The current data, clearly encourage the exploration of alternative neuropsychological bases in ADHD such as inhibitory control (Bitsakou, et al, 2008), state regulation (Sergeant, 2005), and temporal processing (Toplak et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Delay Aversion in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An empirical investigation of the broader phenotype

et al. 2009

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Inhibitory deficits in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder are independent of basic processing efficiency and IQ

Abstract: In highlighting the significant, but limited, role of inhibitory deficits in ADHD, these results are consistent with recent accounts that emphasize the neuropsychological heterogeneity of this condition.

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains

Heterogeneity in ADHD: Neuropsychological Pathways, Comorbidity and Symptom Domains

Beyond the Dual Pathway Model: Evidence for the Dissociation of Timing, Inhibitory, and Delay-Related Impairments in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Delay Aversion in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An empirical investigation of the broader phenotype

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