Inhibition of Pro-Inflammatory Molecules by Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Arthritis Patients

Abstract

Herbal medicinal plants are used to treat various disorders in many traditional medicinal systems around the world. Usage of this herb found in Indian and Chinese medicinal systems. The availability of ginger herb is Universal these days, where it is cultivated for its underground stem (Pseudo-stem). Most commonly used part is rhizome. This ginger rhizome has many therapeutic uses including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetics, antioxidant, anti-microbial and also curing in vomiting, constipation, indigestion, cold, fever,cough, nausea, reparatory conditions, bronchitis etc., these activities were checked using different solvents of different polarity. Arthritis is known for its extreme joint pain and swelling may be treated by using ginger essential oil extract. It was studied that it has the capacity to reducing the pro-inflammatory molecules by lowering the RA-F, CRP, ESR level in the blood.The essences of ginger are due to the chemicals present in them. The products obtained from the ginger like essential oil and oleoresin are used all around the world for its food and pharmaceutical properties.The bioactive compounds like [6]- gingerol and its dehydrated form [6]- shogaol can inhibits the production of free radicals and oxidative stress, along with this properties it can reduce the pro-inflammatory molecules like prostaglandins by inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2.It also observed by the recent studies that the ginger and its extract have the capacity of suppressing the leukotriene biosynthesis by inhibiting 5-lipoxygenase. To this effect in-vitro study conducted in the lab shows the maximum inhibition as well as maximum protection by the ginger essential oil extract. The essential oil extraction were administered external apply and the variation in the certain proteins and inflammation related antibodies were studied.
 Keywords: Zingiber offcinale, Spice, Arthritis, Essential oil, Anti-Inflammatory, Gingerol, Shogaol, Auto-Immune Disorders.

Ginger from Farmyard to Town: Nutritional and Pharmacological Applications

“…Another interesting study by Mutthuraj and co-workers (2020) found that topical application of ginger essential oil on patients suffering from arthritis for 30 days inhibited the proinflammatory molecules by reducing the serum levels of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor, C reactive protein (CPR), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). These results suggest that ginger has pungent anti-inflammatory potential, which can be used in the treatment of joint pain and swelling (Mutthuraj et al, 2020).…”

“…The increase in levels of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and IL-6, play an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (Bode and Dong, 2011;Aryaeian et al, 2019). It has been reported that 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol attenuate the production of pro-inflammatory molecules such as prostaglandins by suppressing the enzymes cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 (Grzanna et al, 2005;Saptarini et al, 2013;Mutthuraj et al, 2020).…”

Espécies cultivadas no horto de plantas medicinais do campus 2 da UNIPAR com ação anti-inflamatória contra doenças articulares: revisão

“…O 6-Gingerol é o principal composto ativo do gengibre, responsável pelas propriedades anti-inflamatórias, antioxidantes, gastroproteção, anti-artrite, analgésicas e antipiréticas. Também possui ação antiemética, antimicrobiana, antitrombótica, inibindo a agregação plaquetária além de atuar no sistema imunológico estimulando-o [6,12] . O gengibre é utilizado popularmente como chá preparado por infusão, considerando a quantidade de 0,5-1 g de rizomas secos de Z. officinale na proporção de 150 mL de água.…”

Essential oils of Zingiber officinale: Chemical composition, in vivo alleviation effects on TPA induced ear swelling in mice and in vitro bioactivities

“…ZO also confers a crucial inflammatory effect. It was reported that ginger essential oil extract could reduce the pro-inflammatory molecules to attenuate arthritis by lowering rheumatoid arthritis factor, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate level in the blood ( 18 ). Additionally, Cakir et al ( 10 ) reported that ZOEOs showed positive effects on treatment and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis via inhibiting inflammatory factors such as IL-6, P65 and COX-2.…”