Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Viral Vaccines

Whitmire, Carrie E.; Huebner, Robert J.

doi:10.1126/science.177.4043.60

Cited by 34 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…tumour growth (Scheinberg et al,: 1962;Albright et al, 1975).-On the-other hand, specific immunotherapy given before i.c. injection of tumour cells does inhibit their growth (Medawar, 1948;Denlinger et al, 1975;Scheinberg et al, 1962;Albright et al, 1975), and the induction of tumours by methylcholanthrene, as well as the incidence of spontaneous tumours, is dedecreased by pre-immunization with tumour plus an adjuvant (Whitmire and Huebner, 1972;Likhite, 1976).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of C. parvum on growth and induction of intracerebral tumours in mice

Osborn¹,

Sadler²,

Castro³

1977

Br J Cancer

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An investigation was made into the effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on cerebral tumours in mice. I.v. C. parvum caused a slight but significant increase in the survival of BALB/c mice injected intracerebrally (i.c.) with not more than 50 Meth A cells. C. parvum was most effective if given on the same day or 5 days after tumour. If this interval was increased there was no effect. Multiple i.v. injections were no more effective than a single dose. I.v. C. parvum had no influence on the survival of C57BL mice injected i.c. with Lewis tumour cells, and had little effect on the induction of i.c. or s.c. tumours by methylcholanthrene. It was concluded that C. parvum therapy was of little use in the treatment of cerebral tumour in mice. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of C. parvum on growth and induction of intracerebral tumours in mice

Osborn¹,

Sadler²,

Castro³

1977

Br J Cancer

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“…Characterization of the viruses isolated from the F1 control mice of these three crosses revealed that they were immunologically indistinguishable from the ecotropic AKR virus in that they were completely neutralized by type-specific murine AKR and GLV antisera (R. Huebner, W. Lane, and R. Trimmer, unpublished data). that the completion and extension of these studies could possibly provide definitive evidence proving that endogenous virogenes and oncogenes are specific causes of spontaneous leukemia and other cancers in mice, and at the same time suggesting additional modes for protection against not only spontaneous cancer but possibly also cancer induced by environmental agents (16,17).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, in several experiments Whitmire and Huebner (16) and Whitmire (17), using radiation leukemia virus as a live vaccine, achieved significant reduction in the incidence of subcutaneous sarcomas produced in C57BL/J mice by 3-methylcholanthrene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of murine type-C RNA virogenes by type-specific oncornavirus vaccines: prospects for prevention of cancer.

Huebner¹,

Gilden²,

Lane³

et al. 1976

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Immunization of crossbred and F1 mice with combined killed and live Gross leukemia virus AKR type-C viral vaccines suppressed endogenous N-type AKR virus up to 10,000-fold for significant periods during early life. Since several previous studies in the same Assay of Virus in Tails of Mice Given Vaccine or Passive Antibodies. The tail virus assay procedure was essentially that described by Lilly et al. (9). Thirty to forty days after immunization of the F1 mice with MSV(GLV) (see next section) and at specified later periods 2 cm terminal segments of the tail were cut off each test and control mouse with a sharp scissors. Segments of tails were rinsed with ether and following evaporation they were ground with Alundum using chilled mortar and pestle and suspended in cold Eagle's basal medium containing 20% veal infusion broth. The extracts (approximately 2% by wt/vol) were lightly centrifuged and sonicated and tested for infectious murine leukemia virus by the XC cell method (18) using a continuous passage line of SC-1 wild mouse cells (19) or secondary NIH Swiss embryo cells. Titers were expressed as the number of plaque-forming units per 0.4 ml of 2% extract.Live MSV(GLV) Vaccines. MSV(GLV), a Gross leukemia virus (GLV) pseudotype murine sarcoma virus (MSV) maintained since 1967 in our laboratories by serial transmission in NIH Swiss mice, was produced in quantity by transmission to large numbers of newborn NIH Swiss mice. Ten percent (wt/vol) virus pools were made into lOX concentrated Moloney procedure concentrates (20) from subcutaneous sarcomas. High titered (103-104) sarcoma virus preparations were used as a live vaccine (see design of experiment below).

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“…The finding that tumors resulting from the cocarcinogenic effect of a viral and physical agent can be prevented by immunity directed against the endogenous type-C virus suggests the applicability of this approach in attempting the immunoprevention of "naturally" occurring and "chemically" induced tumors (24) known to express endogenous type-C virus information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoprevention of x-ray-induced leukemias in the C57BL mouse.

Peters

Sass²,

Stephenson³

et al. 1977

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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An attempt to prevent irradiation-induced thymic lymphomas in C57BL mice was made by inducing active immunity to endogenous type-C virus with inactivated Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV) or inactivated Gross MuLV or by transferring passive immunity to endogenous type-C virus with goat anti-Gross MuLV IgG. Control groups received the following immunogen or treatment: inactivated simian sarcoma virus, complete Freund's adjuvant, normal goat IgG, and diluent, in both irradiated and nonirradiated C57BL mice Active immunity to the 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein AKR-gp70 by immunization with Rauscher MuLV and passive immunity to AKR-gp70 by passive transfer of goat anti-Gross-MuLV IgG was measurable throughout some of the latent period of tumor development; in these two groups a significant reduction in tumor incidence was observed, as compared to the other experimental and control groups. Thus, the present findings support the concept of a type-C virus etiology of irradiation-induced leukemias and demonstrate the applicability of immunologic techniques directed against the endogenous type-C virus in the prevention of this disease.

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Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis by Viral Vaccines

Cited by 34 publications

References 5 publications

Effects of C. parvum on growth and induction of intracerebral tumours in mice

Effects of C. parvum on growth and induction of intracerebral tumours in mice

Suppression of murine type-C RNA virogenes by type-specific oncornavirus vaccines: prospects for prevention of cancer.

Immunoprevention of x-ray-induced leukemias in the C57BL mouse.

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