Influência climática e antrópica na abundância e riqueza de Calliphoridae (Diptera) em fragmento florestal da Reserva Biológica do Tinguá, RJ

Abstract

-Monthly collections were made using two traps 5 m apart exposed for 48h, containing sardines and installed at points: A -at the edge (500 m from the entrance of the Reserve); B -1200 m from the entrance and 1000 m inside the forest; and C -1700 m from the entrance and 500 m inside the forest. The purpose was to evaluate the abundance and richness of calliphorid species as a function of the environmental conditions using Pearson's correlation, compare the richness of the areas using ANOVA and Tukey's test, compare the abundances of the areas by the Kruskal-Wallis test, and also assess the possible infl uence of the anthropic presence. Rare, intermediary and common species were identifi ed. The collection totalized 8515 Calliphoridae belonging to 26 species, with a predominance of females. None of the 13 species considered common presented a correlation between abundance and temperature: only Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) and Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) were correlated with humidity and only Mesembrinella semihyalina Mello with precipitation. This parameter was the only climatic variable correlated with richness. The greatest abundance and richness of calliphorids occurred in September 2006. From the 13 common species, seven were considered synanthropic, indicating the effect of anthropic action in this site.

Edge effects on the blowfly fauna (Diptera, Calliphoridae) of the Tijuca National Park, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

“…In this study, H. segmentaria was considered common and constant in all collection points, and its presence was strongly correlated with temperature (r=0.8289, p=0.0009). This differs from the results of Ferraz et al (2010a), who found a strong positive correlation of its presence with temperature, and a strong negative correlation with humidity and precipitation. In Sousa et al (2010) in the Amazon, H. segmentaria was more abundant where there was some degree of preservation of the environment, or in an advanced process of recovery forest area.…”

“…This sex bias was also observed by Paraluppi and Castellón (1994), Marinho et al (2006) andFerraz et al (2010a), and according to Sousa et al (2010), may also be related to the position of the trap, suspended 1.5m above the ground. The collecting of February 2010 resulted in the greatest numbers of specimens ( Figure 2).…”

“…In the present study, C. albiceps was considered common only at the edge, intermediate in the remaining points, and accessory according to the constancy index. The abundance of C. albiceps was strongly correlated with temperature (r=0.7637, p=0.0035), contrasting with the results of Ferraz et al (2010a), who did not find a correlation between the presence of C. albiceps and this parameter. In the results of D'Almeida and Lopes (1983), from the PARNA Tijuca, C. albiceps was highly synanthropic and was the second most frequent species in samples.…”

“…D'Almeida and Lopes (1983) found that this species was highly synanthropic in Rio de Janeiro; Paraluppi and Castellón (1994) also collected it more often from an urban area. However, as shown by Mello et al (2007), Ferraz et al (2010a and in this study, the distribution of L. eximia has shifted to areas more inside the forest. In our data, it was more abundant at the point located 700m from the edge (B), and was common and constant in all sampling points.…”

“…Hemilucilia semidiaphana, the most abundant species in the studies of Ferraz et al (2010a), was considered common and constant at all sampling points except at point C, where it was accessory because it have not occurred in large number of samples, despite the greater abundance of this species there. Its distribution was strongly influenced by temperature (r=0.7688, p=0.0035) and had no significant relationship with the other variables.…”