Influence of ZrO2 Nanoparticle Addition on the Optical Properties of Denture Base Materials Fabricated Using Additive Technologies

Khattar, Abdulrahman; Alsaif, Majed H.; Alghafli, Jawad A.; Alshaikh, Ali A.; Alsalem, Ali M.; Almindil, Ibrahim A; Alsalman, Abdulsalam M.; Alboori, Ali J.; Al-Ajwad, Abdullah M.; Almuhanna, Hussain M; Khan, Soban Qadir; AlRumaih, Hamad S.; Gad, Mohammed M.

doi:10.3390/nano12234190

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…ZrO 2 NPs were added to different denture base resins to improve the strength of the modified resin [ 24 ], and the superior strength of the nanocomposites was reported in comparison to the pure resins. Recently, Alshaikh et al and Khattar et al [ 25 ] recommended adding ZrO 2 NPs to 3D-printed resins. They reported that the strength increased with high concentrations, while low concentrations were recommended in terms of optical properties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antibiofilm Activity of 3D-Printed Nanocomposite Resin: Impact of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is a commonly used material, as it is biocompatible and relatively cheap. However, its mechanical properties and weak antibiofilm activity are major concerns. With the development of new technology, 3D-printed resins are emerging as replacements for PMMA. Few studies have investigated the antibiofilm activity of 3D-printed resins. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antibiofilm activity and surface roughness of a 3D-printed denture base resin modified with different concentrations of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs). A total of 60 resin disc specimens (15 × 2 mm) were fabricated and divided into six groups (n = 10). The groups comprised a heat-polymerized resin (PMMA) group, an unmodified 3D-printed resin (NextDent) group, and four 3D-printed resin groups that were modified with ZrO2 NPs at various concentrations (0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%). All specimens were polished using a conventional method and then placed in a thermocycler machine for 5000 cycles. Surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured using a non-contact profilometer. The adhesion of Candida albicans (C. albicans) was measured using a fungal adhesion assay that consisted of a colony forming unit assay and a cell proliferation assay. The data were analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk and Kruskal–Wallis tests. A Mann–Whitney U test was used for pairwise comparison, and p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The lowest Ra value (0.88 ± 0.087 µm) was recorded for the PMMA group. In comparison to the PMMA group, the 3% ZrO2 NPs 3D-printed group showed a significant increase in Ra (p < 0.025). For the 3D-printed resins, significant differences were found between the groups with 0% vs. 3% ZrO2 NPs and 3% vs. 5% ZrO2 NPs (p < 0.025). The highest Ra value (0.96 ± 0.06 µm) was recorded for the 3% ZrO2 NPs group, and the lowest Ra values (0.91 ± 0.03 µm) were recorded for the 0.5% and 5% ZrO2 NPs groups. In terms of antifungal activity, the cell proliferation assay showed a significant decrease in the C. albicans count for the 0.5% ZrO2 NPs group when compared with PMMA and all other groups of 3D-printed resins. The group with the lowest concentration of ZrO2 NPs (0.5%) showed the lowest level of C. albicans adhesion of all the tested groups and showed the lowest Candida count (0.29 ± 0.03). The addition of ZrO2 NPs in low concentrations did not affect the surface roughness of the 3D-printed resins. These 3D-printed resins with low concentrations of nanocomposites could be used as possible materials for the prevention and treatment of denture stomatitis, due to their antibiofilm activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study examined the effect of ZrO 2 NPs on denture translucency, and showed that adding ZrO 2 NPs, especially in low concentrations, did not affect the translucency. Thus, the study highly recommended the addition of ZrO 2 NPs to denture bases [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm Activity of 3D-Printed Nanocomposite Resin: Impact of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

et al. 2023

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“…This study’s findings reveal that, in each case, the surface roughness rises as ZrO 2 nanoparticles are added to and increased in concentration in the corresponding polymer matrix. It is proposed that this rise in surface roughness may be due to the presence of nanoparticles on the filament’s surface and the flow behavior of the nanostructured material differs when subjected to different conformations of PA12 and PLA polymer chains, in contrast to the behavior observed in the pure polymeric materials [ 83 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As presented in the literature review above, zirconia materials have been employed in additive manufacturing in dental applications, exploiting powder bed extrusion technologies [ 81 ]. Scaffolds have been developed [ 82 ], and the optical properties of the developed composites have been investigated [ 83 ]. On the other hand, the current work investigates the effect of zirconia materials (ZrO 2 ) in MEX 3D printing as a reinforcement agent through the development of novel nanocomposites with PA12 and PLA as matrices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Nano Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)-Optimized Content in Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Matrices on Their Thermomechanical Response in 3D Printing

et al. 2023

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The influence of nanoparticles (NPs) in zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as a strengthening factor of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) thermoplastics in material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) is reported herein for the first time. Using a melt-mixing compounding method, zirconium dioxide nanoparticles were added at four distinct filler loadings. Additionally, 3D-printed samples were carefully examined for their material performance in various standardized tests. The unfilled polymers were the control samples. The nature of the materials was demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric studies. Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to comprehensively analyze their morphological characteristics. Zirconium dioxide NPs showed an affirmative reinforcement tool at all filler concentrations, while the optimized material was calculated with loading in the range of 1.0–3.0 wt.% (3.0 wt.% for PA12, 47.7% increase in strength; 1.0 wt.% for PLA, 20.1% increase in strength). PA12 and PLA polymers with zirconium dioxide in the form of nanocomposite filaments for 3D printing applications could be used in implementations using thermoplastic materials in engineering structures with improved mechanical behavior.

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“…According to Zhang and Lawn, concentrated efforts were directed toward monolithic Zr restorations aiming to improve their aesthetic and durability requirements, simplify their production, and minimize the need for material thickness [6]. To improve Zr's translucency and optical characteristics, the majority of these efforts concentrated on changing the crystal's size and aligning the reflective indices of crystalline and matrix phases [7,8]. Additionally, increasing the yttrium content, adjusting the grain size, and lowering the contaminants were effective ways to achieve success.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Ultra-Translucent Monolithic Zirconia as Esthetic Dental Restorative Material: A Narrative Review

Alrabeah,

Al-Sowygh,

Almarshedy

2024

Ceramics

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It has been observed in recent years that zirconia (Zr) is being increasingly used for a wide range of clinical applications. There are several reasons for this, but the most significant one is its excellent mechanical properties, specifically its transformation toughening properties compared to other dental ceramics and its improved natural appearance when compared to ceramometal restorations. As a result of the advancement of chairside milling and developments in rapid-sintering technology, the fabrication of dental restorations has become more computerized, time-saving, and accurate over the past few decades. However, a main disadvantage of conventional Zr restorations is that they lack the translucency of glass–ceramics, although they are extremely strong. Recently, by increasing the yttrium %, changing the grain size, and reducing the impurities, the ultra-translucent monolithic zirconia “5-mol%-yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals” has been introduced, with successful attempts to make translucent Zr an aesthetically attractive option for minimally invasive veneer restorations. It is important to note that veneer restorations do not possess the mechanical retentive features of the tooth preparations and rely primarily on bonding to resin cement. This presents a great challenge for the inert Zr since it does not bond chemically with resin cement, unlike glass–ceramic materials that establish chemical adhesion with resin cement, favoring their use for indirect veneer restorations. Taking this into account, this article aims to review the progressive development of ultra-translucent monolithic Zr materials as they are available today and, in the future, represents a concerted drive toward maximum translucency and strength, which renders them a viable treatment option for esthetic veneer restorations.

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Influence of ZrO2 Nanoparticle Addition on the Optical Properties of Denture Base Materials Fabricated Using Additive Technologies

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Antibiofilm Activity of 3D-Printed Nanocomposite Resin: Impact of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

Antibiofilm Activity of 3D-Printed Nanocomposite Resin: Impact of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

The Effect of Nano Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)-Optimized Content in Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Matrices on Their Thermomechanical Response in 3D Printing

Use of Ultra-Translucent Monolithic Zirconia as Esthetic Dental Restorative Material: A Narrative Review

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