Influence of Vitamin C Supplementation on Oxidative and Immune Changes Following an Ultramarathon

Nieman, David C.; Henson, Dru A.; McAnulty, Steven R.; McAnulty, Lisa S.; Swick, Nathaniel S.; Utter, Alan C.; Vinci, Debra M.; Opiela, Shannon J.; Morrow, Jason D.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200205001-00514

Cited by 10 publications

(22 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Most studies have failed to show an influence of vitamin C supplements on immune changes following intense endurance exercise (Krause et al 2001;Nieman et al 1997Nieman et al , 2002Petersen et al 2001). In the present study, we also examined immune cell counts, plasma concentrations of interleukins IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-c) production (Nieman et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we also examined immune cell counts, plasma concentrations of interleukins IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, and IL-8, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, and IL-2 and interferon gamma (IFN-c) production (Nieman et al 2002). As reported elsewhere, vitamin C compared to placebo supplementation had no significant effect on the pattern of change in these immune parameters following an ultramarathon (Nieman et al 2002). A study of 12 marathoners, who ran for 2.5 h on treadmills after receiving either vitamin C or placebo supplementation, revealed no differences in the pattern of changes in hormonal and immune values (including natural killer cell activity, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, granulocyte/monocyte phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity, leukocyte subsets, and IL-6) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve upon previous studies, subjects were randomized to treatment groups, and carbohydrate intake was carefully monitored. Other immune data from this study have been published elsewhere (Nieman et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathon

et al. 2003

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This randomized study measured the influence of vitamin C ( N=15) compared to placebo ( N=13) supplementation on oxidative and salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) changes in runners competing in an ultramarathon race. Seven days prior to the race, subjects ingested in randomized, double-blind fashion three 500-mg tablets of vitamin C or placebo each day. On race day, blood and saliva samples were collected 1 h pre-race, after 32 km of running, and then again immediately post-race. During the race, runners received 1 l/h carbohydrate beverages (60 g/l) with vitamin C (150 mg/l) or without in a double-blinded fashion. The runners also ingested two to three carbohydrate gel packs per hour (25 g each). Subjects in both groups ran a mean of 69 km (range 48-80 km) in 9.8 h (range 5-12 h) and maintained an intensity of approximately 75% maximal heart rate (HR(max)) throughout the ultramarathon race. Plasma ascorbic acid was higher in the vitamin C compared to placebo group pre-race, and increased significantly in the vitamin C group during the race [post-race, 3.21 (0.29) and 1.28 (0.12) microg/100 microl, respectively, P<0.001]. No significant group or interaction effects were measured for lipid hydroperoxide and F(2)-isoprostane, but both oxidative measures rose significantly during the ultramarathon race. Saliva volume, sIgA concentration, sIgA secretion and sIgA:saliva protein ratio all decreased significantly (P<0.001) during the race, but the pattern of change in all saliva measures did not differ significantly between groups. No significant correlations were found between post-race plasma vitamin C, oxidative, and saliva measures, except for a positive correlation between post-race serum cortisol and serum vitamin C (r=0.50, P=0.006). These data indicate that vitamin C supplementation in carbohydrate-fed runners does not serve as a countermeasure to oxidative and sIgA changes during or following a competitive ultramarathon race.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathon

et al. 2003

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“…Dietary antioxidant supplements are commonly used to limit exercise-induced oxidative stress (40,44,49); however, their use may not always complement the health benefits gained from regular exercise (8). Using human exercise and cellular models, we explored how a BC extract, exhibiting both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, if ingested at appropriate amounts and at the appropriate time, may enhance exercise-induced health benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term blackcurrant extract consumption modulates exercise-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses

Lyall¹,

Hurst²,

Cooney³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

120

110

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induced oxidative stress is instrumental in achieving the health benefits from regular exercise. Therefore, inappropriate use of fruit-derived products (commonly applied as prophalytic antioxidants) may counteract the positive effects of exercise. Using human exercise and cellular models we found that 1) blackcurrant supplementation suppressed exercise-induced oxidative stress, e.g., plasma carbonyls (0.9 Ϯ 0.1 vs. 0.6 Ϯ 0.1 nmol/mg protein, placebo vs. blackcurrant), and 2) preincubation of THP-1 cells with an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract inhibited LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion 453 Ϯ 322 vs. 10,941 Ϯ 82 pg/ml, control vs. extract, P Ͻ 0.05) and IL-6 (476 Ϯ 14 vs. 326 Ϯ 32 pg/ml, control vs. extract, P Ͻ 0.05)] and NF-B activation. In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we found that postexercise plasma collected after blackcurrant supplementation enhanced the differential temporal LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, resulting in an early suppression of TNF-␣ (1,741 Ϯ 32 vs. 1,312 Ϯ 42 pg/ml, placebo vs. blackcurrant, P Ͻ 0.05) and IL-6 (44 Ϯ 5 vs. 36 Ϯ 3 pg/ml, placebo vs. blackcurrant, P Ͻ 0.05) secretion after 24 h. Furthermore, by using an oxidative stress cell model, we found that preincubation of THP-1 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) prior to extract exposure caused a greater suppression of LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion after 24 h, which was not evident when cells were simultaneously incubated with H 2O2 and the extract. In summary, our findings support the concept that consumption of blackcurrant anthocyanins alleviate oxidative stress, and may, if given at the appropriate amount and time, complement the ability of exercise to enhance immune responsiveness to potential pathogens. acute inflammation; fruit anthocyanins; moderate exercise PARTICIPATING IN REGULAR PHYSICAL exercise has a number of health benefits (14). Exercise-induced oxidative stress (11,48,50), either via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent (2, 14) or -independent (23) mechanisms, appears to be an important modulator in a number of adaptive responses to exercise: upregulation of endogenous antioxidant systems (42, 18), modulation of muscle function (17), improved efficacy of influenza immunization (15), and enhanced immune surveillance (14). Characterization of how exercise modulates the immune system in untrained individuals as well as athletes shows how the type, intensity, and duration of exercise affects the immune responses to pathogenic agents, such as bacterial endotoxin LPS (9,12,16). In addition to regular exercise, the ingestion of antioxidant supplements or foods high in antioxidants and vitamins, such as C and E, have become commonplace in efforts to maintain health and prevent chronic oxidative stressassociated aliments (5). While antioxidant supplementation has been shown to alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress and benefit athletes undergoing long-term strenuous training by reducing oxidative stress-related injuries and illnesses (48, 51), exercise ...

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Immune and Oxidative Changes During and Following the Western States Endurance Run

2003

Int J Sports Med

120

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Changes in immune and oxidative stress parameters were measured in ultramarathon runners competing in the 160-km Western States Endurance Run. Forty-five runners agreed to provide blood and saliva samples the morning before the race event, at the 90-km aid station, and 5 - 10 min post-race. Upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) during the two-week period post-race was assessed retrospectively by telephone interviews. Forty subjects completed 90-km (race time, 13.1 +/- 0.3 h), and 31 completed the 160-km race event (27.0 +/- 0.4 h). The blood neutrophil and monocyte counts rose 249 % and 214 %, respectively, in the 31 finishers. Salivary IgA (sIgA) secretion rate decreased significantly from 508 +/- 40 micro g/min pre-race, to 287 +/- 39 micro g/min at 90-km, and 254 +/- 30 micro g/min post-race (50 % decrease). Significant increases were measured in cytokines at 90-km and post-race, with post-race IL-10 increasing 9.5-fold, IL-1ra 6.1-fold, IL-6 50.2-fold, and IL-8 2.5-fold over pre-race levels. Post-race indicators of oxidative stress, F (2)-isoprostane and lipid hydroperoxides, increased 33 % and 88 %, respectively. Pearson product-moment correlations revealed positive correlations at 90-km between F (2)-isoprostane and IL-6 (r = 0.31, p = 0.048), IL-10 (r = 0.31, p = 0.050), and IL-8 (r = 0.43, p = 0.005), but no other significant relationships between immune and oxidative stress indicators at 90-km and post-race. In the group of runners completing at least 90 km of the race, 26 % reported an URTI episode during the two-week period post-race. A low sIgA secretion rate at 90-km was the best predictor of post-race URTI (173 +/- 34 micro g/min in those who later acquired URTI compared to 325 +/- 40 micro g/min in those without URTI, p = 0.007). In conclusion, a modest correlation was found between cytokines and F (2)-isoprostane at 90-km when the greatest oxidative stress occurred, but no other significant correlations in immune and oxidative stress indicators during and following a 160-km ultramarathon race event were noted. About one in four ultramarathoners reported URTI during the two-week period post-race, and a low sIgA secretion rate mid-race best predicted URTI occurrence.

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Influence of Vitamin C Supplementation on Oxidative and Immune Changes Following an Ultramarathon

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathon

Influence of vitamin C supplementation on oxidative and salivary IgA changes following an ultramarathon

Short-term blackcurrant extract consumption modulates exercise-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses

Immune and Oxidative Changes During and Following the Western States Endurance Run

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