Short-term blackcurrant extract consumption modulates exercise-induced oxidative stress and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses

Abstract

induced oxidative stress is instrumental in achieving the health benefits from regular exercise. Therefore, inappropriate use of fruit-derived products (commonly applied as prophalytic antioxidants) may counteract the positive effects of exercise. Using human exercise and cellular models we found that 1) blackcurrant supplementation suppressed exercise-induced oxidative stress, e.g., plasma carbonyls (0.9 Ϯ 0.1 vs. 0.6 Ϯ 0.1 nmol/mg protein, placebo vs. blackcurrant), and 2) preincubation of THP-1 cells with an anthocyanin-rich blackcurrant extract inhibited LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion 453 Ϯ 322 vs. 10,941 Ϯ 82 pg/ml, control vs. extract, P Ͻ 0.05) and IL-6 (476 Ϯ 14 vs. 326 Ϯ 32 pg/ml, control vs. extract, P Ͻ 0.05)] and NF-B activation. In addition to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, we found that postexercise plasma collected after blackcurrant supplementation enhanced the differential temporal LPS-stimulated inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, resulting in an early suppression of TNF-␣ (1,741 Ϯ 32 vs. 1,312 Ϯ 42 pg/ml, placebo vs. blackcurrant, P Ͻ 0.05) and IL-6 (44 Ϯ 5 vs. 36 Ϯ 3 pg/ml, placebo vs. blackcurrant, P Ͻ 0.05) secretion after 24 h. Furthermore, by using an oxidative stress cell model, we found that preincubation of THP-1 cells with hydrogen peroxide (H 2O2) prior to extract exposure caused a greater suppression of LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion after 24 h, which was not evident when cells were simultaneously incubated with H 2O2 and the extract. In summary, our findings support the concept that consumption of blackcurrant anthocyanins alleviate oxidative stress, and may, if given at the appropriate amount and time, complement the ability of exercise to enhance immune responsiveness to potential pathogens. acute inflammation; fruit anthocyanins; moderate exercise PARTICIPATING IN REGULAR PHYSICAL exercise has a number of health benefits (14). Exercise-induced oxidative stress (11,48,50), either via reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent (2, 14) or -independent (23) mechanisms, appears to be an important modulator in a number of adaptive responses to exercise: upregulation of endogenous antioxidant systems (42, 18), modulation of muscle function (17), improved efficacy of influenza immunization (15), and enhanced immune surveillance (14). Characterization of how exercise modulates the immune system in untrained individuals as well as athletes shows how the type, intensity, and duration of exercise affects the immune responses to pathogenic agents, such as bacterial endotoxin LPS (9,12,16). In addition to regular exercise, the ingestion of antioxidant supplements or foods high in antioxidants and vitamins, such as C and E, have become commonplace in efforts to maintain health and prevent chronic oxidative stressassociated aliments (5). While antioxidant supplementation has been shown to alleviate exercise-induced oxidative stress and benefit athletes undergoing long-term strenuous training by reducing oxidative stress-related injuries and illnesses (48, 51), exercise ...

High Fat Meal Increase of IL-17 is Prevented by Ingestion of Fruit Juice Drink in Healthy Overweight Subjects

“…Long-term dietary supplementation with pineapple juice decreased colon inflammation in mice [42], while dried plum was able to reduce atherosclerotic lesion in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice [43]. Bromelain, contained in pineapple [44] and anthocyanin [45] contained in blackcurrant have also been shown to inhibit TNF-and IL-6 secretion in vitro. Moreover, polyphenols have been shown to inhibit the LPS-induced TNF-production by microglia [46,47].…”

Effects of added fruit polyphenols and pectin on the properties of finished breads revealed by HPLC/LC-MS and Size-Exclusion HPLC

“…Fruit polyphenols (PPs) and dietary fibres (DFs), including those from apples, kiwifruits and berries, have demonstrated healthpromoting properties and play a key role in health enhancement and disease prevention (Boyer & Liu, 2004;Lyall et al, 2009;Pelucchi et al, 2004;Philpott, Mackay, Ferguson, Forbes, & Skinner, 2007). Thus, it is of considerable interest to explore the possibility of incorporating these fruit bioactives into bread, which is a staple and convenient food consumed throughout the world (Brennan & Cleary, 2007;Sivam, Sun-Waterhouse, Quek, & Perera, 2010;Sivam, Sun-Waterhouse, Waterhouse, Quek, & Perera, 2011;).…”

Regular Dark Chocolate Consumption’s Reduction of Oxidative Stress and Increase of Free-Fatty-Acid Mobilization in Response to Prolonged Cycling

“…In two studies, when a high-phenolic-content antioxidant beverage (Morillas-Ruiz et al, 2005) or a polyphenol-containing sports drink (Morillas-Ruiz, Villegas Garcia, Lopez, Vidal-Guevara, & Zafrilla, 2006) was consumed shortly before 15 min of submaximal aerobic exercise, the magnitude of exercise-induced oxidative stress was significantly reduced. Furthermore, short-term consumption of black currant extract, abundant in polyphenols, reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses (lipopolysaccharide inflamma-tory responses) to 30 min of rowing (Lyall et al, 2009), and green tea extract consumed acutely has been shown to stimulate lipid catabolism and increase fat oxidation after 30 min of cycling (Venables, Hulston, Cox, & Jeukendrup, 2008). More recently, 7 days supplementation with quercetin, a natural polyphenol flavonoid, was reported to increase endurance capacity in untrained participants, possibly via increased mitochondrial biogenesis (Davis et al, 2010).…”