Influence of urogenital infections on sperm functions

Abstract

Summary. Many studies have examined the impact of genital tract infections on male fertility; however, the effect of bacteriospermia on sperm quality is still controversial. Bacterial infections are more frequently found in semen samples from asymptomatic infertile patients than in those from fertile men. Bacteriospermia is also a common problem of male partners from couples undergoing IVF. Therefore, the effects of microorganisms on human sperm acrosome reaction of oocytes have been studied in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of spermatozoa with Escherichia coli or Mycoplasma hominis in vitro resulted in reduced sperm motility and inducibility of acrosome reaction (ΔAR) after exposure to calcium ionophore A23187. To show possible effects of E. coli and mycoplasma species on sperm functions in vivo, data from 488 patients were evaluated, in whose ejaculates microbiological examinations and determinations of acrosome reaction after exposure to low temperature had been performed. U. urealyticum and E. coli were found in semen samples from 52 and 31 men, respectively. M. hominis was only present in a minor number of samples and was not included in this study. Semen concentrations of E. coli and U. urealyticum ranged between 500–100000 cfu x ml−1 and 100–80000 cfu x ml−1. No correlation was found between ΔAR and concentration of bacteria (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, E. coli: r‐0.081, P = 0.6644; U. urealyticum: r = ‐0.081, P = 0.5698). In 69% of cases with U. urealyticum infection and reduced inducibility of acrosome reaction, this sperm function was normal after antibiotic therapy. However, improvement of acrosomal function may only be due to intra‐individual variations of acrosome reaction. While E. coli and mycoplasma species affect sperm functions in vitro, the present data and a review of the literature fail to demonstrate similar effects in vivo.

The Impact of Bacterial Infections on Human Spermatozoa

“…In an in vitro study, the incubation of spermatozoa with Mycoplasma hominis reduced sperm motility and acrosome reaction property (118). Moreover, Mycoplasma had a negative effect on sperm DNA integrity (86).…”

Comparison of Culture With the Polymerase Chain Reaction for Detection of Gennital Mycoplasma

“…In addition, they may be acquired by neonates either in utero or by vertical transmission at birth and can cause pneumonia, pulmonary hypertension, chronic lung disease, and meningitis of the newborn (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). In addition, infections with genital mycoplasmas have been linked with infertility (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Interference of Human Spermatozoal Motility by Live Staphylococcus aureus

“…Among bacterial species that interact with spermatozoa are well known causative pathogens of genitourinary infections such as Escherichia coli, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Chlamydia trachomatis (Kohn et al, 1998, Hosseinzadeh et al, 2001, Gdoura et al, 2007. E. coli probably represents the most frequently isolated microorganism in genitourinary infections (Weidner et al, 1991).…”